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DRINKING COFFEE IN MODERATION LINKED TO LOWER DIABETES, HEART DISEASE RISK

 * admin
 * October 15, 2024
 * Health

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A new study suggests that moderate consumption of coffee and caffeine on a
regular basis could be beneficial to prevent diseases like type 2 diabetes,
coronary heart disease, and stroke.
Compared with people who did not consume caffeine at all or very little per day,
people who drank 3 coffee drinks per day or 200 to 300 milligrams (mg) of
caffeine a day had a 48.1% or 40.7% reduced risk for new-onset cardiometabolic
multimorbidity.
Experts tout many of the other beneficial properties in tea and coffee but warn
that other caffeinated beverages may not have the same benefits — and that there
is no causal relationship between prevention of cardiometabolic multimorbidity
and caffeine.
Moderate consumption of coffee and caffeine on a regular basis may help prevent
cardiometabolic multimorbidity — or the co-occurrence of cardiometabolic
diseases — which includes conditions such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart
disease, and stroke, a new study suggests.
caffeine
type 2 diabetes
coronary heart disease
stroke
The research, published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism, examined data from the UK Biobank, which is a
broader database feature the health information of more than 500,000 people
between the ages of 37 and 73.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
UK Biobank
The UK Biobank study data included inpatient hospital data, death registry
records, primary care history, and self-reported medical conditions. After
eliminating people with ambiguous information regarding their caffeine intake,
the researchers were left with more than 360,000 people for analysis.
Drinking coffee in moderation may help lower disease risk
This new study found that, compared with people who did not drink caffeine at
all or who drank less than 100 milligrams (mg) per day, people who drank three
coffee drinks per day or 200 to 300 mg of caffeine a day had a 48.1% or 40.7%
reduced risk for new-onset cardiometabolic diseases.
Previous studies have assessed the potential benefits of coffee, tea, and
caffeine, but their role in the prevention of any cardiometabolic diseases has
not been clearly defined.
This study’s results, too, suggest an association rather than a causal
relationship.
Nevertheless, this association may be meaningful to health, seeing that people
with a single cardiometabolic disease may have twice the mortality risk of those
without any cardiometabolic diseases, according to the researchers.
Moreover, those with cardiometabolic multimorbidity may also have an up to seven
times higher risk of all-cause mortality. The researchers also noted that
cardiometabolic multimorbidity may present higher risks of loss of physical
function and mental stress than those with single diseases.
In a press release, Chaofu Ke, MD, PhD, of the Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health at Suzhou Medical College of Soochow
University, in Suzhou, China, and the lead author of the study, noted that:
press release
Chaofu Ke, MD, PhD
“The findings highlight that promoting moderate amounts of coffee or caffeine
intake as a dietary habit to healthy people might have far-reaching benefits for
the prevention of [cardiometabolic multimorbidity].”
How does caffeine affect glucose levels?
Caffeine has been associated with various adverse effects, including insomnia,
depression, incontinence, headaches, and stomach problems.
depression
incontinence
People with type 2 diabetes report that their blood glucose (sugar) levels rise
after consuming caffeine. There is some evidence that caffeine may impair
insulin action, leading to a small but detectable rise in blood sugar levels,
particularly after meals.
type 2 diabetes
blood glucose (sugar) levels rise
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that healthy adults limit
their caffeine intake to a maximum of 400 mg a day, or about 4 or 5 cups of
coffee. This amount is not associated with negative effects.
400 mg
The amount of caffeine included in some common foods and beverages are:
amount of caffeine
one 8-ounce cup of coffee: 95 to 200 mg
one 12-ounce can of cola: 35 to 45 mg
one 8-ounce energy drink: 70 to 100 mg
one 8-ounce cup of tea: 14 to 60 mg.
How might caffeine protect the heart and metabolic health?
Cheng-Han Chen, MD, a board-certified interventional cardiologist, and medical
director of the Structural Heart Program at MemorialCare Saddleback Medical
Center in Laguna Hills, CA, who was not involved in the study, told Medical News
Today that, while caffeine does have some negative effects like raising blood
pressure, its beneficial properties outweigh its downsides.
Cheng-Han Chen, MD
“Caffeine itself will stimulate the central nervous system, leading to increased
blood pressure and heart rates. It is also known to affect insulin sensitivity
of cells, regulation of fat turnover, and blood vessel dilatation,“ he
explained.
“However, both coffee and tea are complex beverages that contain hundreds of
bioactive compounds, and it is likely that their biological effects extend
beyond those of the caffeine itself. Compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids,
and polyphenols, are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,
and might be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism as well,” he added.
flavonoids
polyphenols
“Some of the positive effects seen in the study might be due to the many
hundreds of other biological compounds in coffee and tea besides the caffeine,”
Chen further noted.
MNT also spoke with Melanie Murphy Richter, MS, RDN, a registered dietitian
nutritionist and the director of communications for the nutrition company
Prolon, who was not involved in the study.
Melanie Murphy Richter, MS, RDN
Richter said that caffeine’s relationship with the cardiometabolic system is
complex and depends on how much someone consumes:
“Caffeine can temporarily raise blood pressure and cause mild vasoconstriction
(narrowing of blood vessels), which might seem like negative effects for heart
health. It also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to dehydration in
certain cases. These short-term effects are why some people associate caffeine
with negative cardiovascular outcomes.”
“However,“ she pointed out, “this study focuses on moderate caffeine intake —
around 200–300 mg per day, or roughly 2-3 cups of coffee — and the findings
suggest that at this level, caffeine might actually have protective benefits for
the cardiometabolic system.“
As for the mechanism that might underlie this association, Richter also
explained that “caffeine can enhance insulin sensitivity, meaning the body
responds better to insulin, which can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.“
“It also has anti-inflammatory properties, which are important in preventing
chronic conditions like coronary heart disease. Additionally, caffeine may boost
fat metabolism, helping the body more efficiently use fat as an energy source,
which supports overall metabolic health,” she noted.
Caffeine is not for everyone
Chen cautioned that not all caffeinated beverages are created equal, and that
certain populations should avoid caffeine, in general.
“In other foods containing caffeine such as sodas and chocolate, I suspect that
any potential benefit of the caffeine would be offset by the high amount of
sugar contained in those foods,” he said. “We recommend limiting caffeine intake
in people with: hard-to-control blood pressure, problems with irregular heart
rhythms, stress or anxiety, or with stomach ulcers. Pregnant women should also
avoid excessive caffeine intake.”
Richter echoed this advice, saying that the study’s findings regarding coffee
could be because of its antioxidant properties, and they might not so readily
apply to other caffeinated beverages.
“Energy drinks or processed caffeine sources may not have the same positive
effects because they lack those additional compounds that work synergistically
together,“ she cautioned.
“So, if we’re talking about a ‘preferable’ source, coffee — especially without
added sugar and cream, ideally — might be a healthy choice, according to this
data,” Richter said.
However, she also emphasized that:
“There are certain conditions where caffeine [consumption] isn’t a great idea.
People with heart arrhythmias, for example, should definitely limit caffeine
because it can increase heart rate or trigger irregular heartbeats. Pregnant
women also need to be cautious because too much caffeine can be risky for fetal
development. And for people with anxiety disorders, caffeine might make them
more jittery and uncomfortable.”
arrhythmias
anxiety


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