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Use Website In a Screen-Reader Mode Skip to Content ↵ENTER Skip to Menu ↵ENTER Skip to Footer ↵ENTER Corporate /en/index content esgSubNav S&P Global * S&P Global * S&P Dow Jones Indices * S&P Global Engineering Solutions * S&P Global Market Intelligence * S&P Global Mobility * S&P Global Commodity Insights * S&P Global Ratings * S&P Global Sustainable1 Close Discover more about S&P Global’s offerings Investor Relations * Investor Relations Overview * Presentations * Investor Fact Book * News Releases * Quarterly Earnings * SEC Filings & Reports * Executive Committee * Governance * Merger Information * Stock & Dividends * Shareholder Services * Contact English * 中文 Contact Us * Enterprise Contacts * Divisional Contacts * Media Contacts Product Login * Who We Are * Capabilities * Research & Insights * Careers * Events * Who We Are * Our Purpose & Values * Our People * Our History * Corporate Responsibility * Diversity, Equity & Inclusion * Investor Relations * Capabilities * Overview * Data & Analytics * Research & Insights * Ratings & Benchmarks * Technology Solutions * Experts * S&P Dow Jones Indices * S&P Global Engineering Solutions * S&P Global Market Intelligence * S&P Global Mobility * S&P Global Commodity Insights * S&P Global Ratings * Research & Insights * Overview * Research Council * Markets in Motion * Podcasts * Videos War in Ukraine * Careers * Overview * Our Culture * Our Commitment * Our Work * Search for a Job * Events * Featured S&P Global Events * Webinar Replays * S&P Global Ratings Events * S&P Global Market Intelligence Events * S&P Global Commodity Insights Events * S&P Dow Jones Indices Events * S&P Global Mobility Events * * Our Purpose & Values * Our People * Our History * Corporate Responsibility * Diversity, Equity & Inclusion * Investor Relations From S&P Global Press Release: S&P Global Merges With IHS Markit On February 28, 2022, S&P Global completed its merger with IHS Markit, the next step in delivering data, technology and expertise that accelerates progress. Read: 2021 Annual Report As great as last year was for our company, in many ways 2022 is shaping up to be even better. In February, we closed a transformative merger with IHS Markit. We believe combining our two companies will create substantial long-term value for all our stakeholders. 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The S&P Global Research Council has identified six interconnected themes that have the greatest potential for large-scale disruption in the coming years. Sustainability Quarterly First Quarter 2023 Edition: The Road to Climate Resilience Accelerating progress in the world with essential sustainability intelligence. Read: Establishing Energy Security Global energy markets were rocked after sanctions on Russia and record-level inflation — leading to concerns about energy security across the globe, especially as winter nears in the Northern Hemisphere. * * Overview * Our Culture * Our Commitment * Our Work * Search for a Job * * Featured S&P Global Events * Webinar Replays * S&P Global Ratings Events * S&P Global Market Intelligence Events * S&P Global Commodity Insights Events * S&P Dow Jones Indices Events * S&P Global Mobility Events Please be aware of potential fraudulent career solicitations. 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X INDICES Disclaimer S&P Europe 3501,875.42 0.12%S&P 5004,105.34 -0.09%DJIA33,699.04 0.04%S&P/TSX 601,234.2 0.44%S&P/TOPIX 1501,722.9 0.78%S&P/ASX 2007,343.9 0.5%S&P Global BMI316.62 0.17%S&P/BMV IPC54,253.57 -0.64%S&P Latin America 402,570.48 1.54%S&P Asia 504,704.18 -1.28%S&P China 5002,587.38 -1%S&P 500 Bond475.35 0.08%S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures4.66 -0.91%S&P Europe 3501,875.42 0.12%S&P 5004,105.34 -0.09%DJIA33,699.04 0.04%S&P/TSX 601,234.2 0.44%S&P/TOPIX 1501,722.9 0.78%S&P/ASX 2007,343.9 0.5%S&P Global BMI316.62 0.17%S&P/BMV IPC54,253.57 -0.64%S&P Latin America 402,570.48 1.54%S&P Asia 504,704.18 -1.28%S&P China 5002,587.38 -1%S&P 500 Bond475.35 0.08%S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures4.66 -0.91% Pause CREDIT CONDITIONS Q2 2023 Capital Markets S&P Global Ratings NORTH AMERICA: COALESCING STRESSES Capital Markets S&P Global Ratings ASIA-PACIFIC: STILL STEADY, BANKING TURMOIL RISK IS MODERATE HERE Capital Markets S&P Global Ratings EUROPE: COSTS RISING TO CURE INFLATION Capital Markets S&P Global Ratings EMERGING MARKETS: ENDURING RISKS 2022 ANNUAL REPORT: POWERING GLOBAL MARKETS LEARN MORE S&P GLOBAL DAILY UPDATE S&P Global Daily Update April 12, 2023 CALLS FOR VERIFICATION IN VOLUNTARY CARBON MARKETS S&P Global Daily Update April 11, 2023 GLOBAL CREDIT UNDER PRESSURE S&P Global Daily Update April 6, 2023 CHINESE FINANCIAL REFORMS MAY BE CONSEQUENTIAL AND FAR-REACHING START EVERY BUSINESS DAY WITH OUR ANALYSES OF THE MOST PRESSING DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING MARKETS TODAY, ALONGSIDE A CURATED SELECTION OF OUR LATEST AND MOST IMPORTANT INSIGHTS ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY. Subscribe today MARKET SCAN IS NOW A PART OF S&P GLOBAL MOBILITY. READ MORE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Energy & Commodities PLATTS PERIODIC TABLE OF OIL - 5TH EDITION SEES NEW DESIGN, CARBON INTENSITY DATA The editorial team at S&P Global Commodity Insights has created the 5th edition of the interactive Periodic Table of Oil with new crude grades, carbon intensity values, a design refresh and enhanced technology to help customers plan and make more informed decisions in rapidly changing volatile markets. Explore the interactive table > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capital Markets S&P Global Ratings GLOBAL BANKING RISK MONITOR Because ongoing developments within the global banking sector have the potential to prompt various market and policy reactions with increasing credit implications, S&P Global Ratings is closely assessing and monitoring contagion risk in the broader financial system and markets. Capital Markets S&P Global Market Intelligence BANKING SYSTEM UNDER PRESSURE Following the collapse of SVB Financial and Signature Bank over a 48-hour period, the US banking system remains under heavy pressure as contagion risk and systemic stress persist. Follow this page to stay on top of essential insights into this evolving situation and to understand the ripple effects on global banks and markets. Street Talk S&P Global Market Intelligence EPISODE 108: WEIGHING FED RATE HIKES AGAINST BANKS' LIQUIDITY CRUNCH Economists had hopes that the Federal Reserve could achieve a soft landing as it worked to tame inflation, but that prospect could be harder in light of the liquidity crunch facing the U.S. banking industry. ESSENTIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR A CHANGING WORLD. SEEK & PROSPER LATEST RESEARCH SUBSCRIBE TO OUR RESEARCH & INSIGHTS Cross-Divisional Research S&P Global S&P GLOBAL RESEARCH COUNCIL A changing world requires new insights, new analysis, and new approaches. The impact of geopolitical events, supply chain issues, health crises, and a changing climate is never confined to a single sector or market. Our clients require expertise and analysis that looks at the big picture. The S&P Global Research Council was created to bring together leading experts from across our company to generate the type of research that our clients increasingly need. From capital markets to energy markets, from commodity markets to sustainability, we focus on the biggest challenges and opportunities in the world today. The S&P Global Research Council offers the broader view. In this era of turbulence and change, the broader view is essential. Sustainability S&P Global Sustainable1 SUSTAINABILITY QUARTERLY, FIRST-QUARTER 2023 EDITION: THE ROAD TO CLIMATE RESILIENCE The physical hazards of climate change are rising in severity and frequency, and countries and companies around the globe are setting net-zero targets in a bid to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and limit the damage from climate change. But some impact will be unavoidable, and it will not be evenly distributed. Diversity, Equity & Inclusion S&P Global Sustainable1 WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP Diversity in leadership has received increasing attention in recent years from stakeholders in the sustainability world. Investors have pushed for diversity on company boards and management teams, and in some parts of the world, that push has extended to laws and regulations. But recent research from S&P Global finds that the number of women in top roles remains low. KEY TOPICS GLOBAL ECONOMY METALS & MINING OIL & GAS CHINA IN FOCUS SUPPLY CHAINS ENERGY TRANSITION MARKET DYNAMICS CREDIT MARKETS ESG REGULATION & STANDARDS AGRIBUSINESS BANKING AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY & MEDIA AMERICAS ECONOMY INSURANCE ‹ › DISCOVER MORE DISCOVER ONE S&P GLOBAL EXPLORE PREMIUM FUNDAMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE DATASETS AVAILABLE SEAMLESSLY VIA DESKTOP, CLOUD, DATA FEED, AND API SOLUTIONS, ALONG WITH EXPERT ANALYSIS YOU WON'T FIND ANYWHERE ELSE, ON THE S&P GLOBAL MARKETPLACE. Start Exploring -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FEATURED INSIGHTS Geopolitics S&P Global ONE YEAR LATER: THE WAR IN UKRAINE Markets in Motion S&P Global THE MOUNTING COST OF CLIMATE FOR INSURERS Sustainability S&P Global Sustainble1 GETTING READY FOR THE SEC CLIMATE DISCLOSURE RULE RECEIVE IMMEDIATE INSIGHTS ON THE INDIVIDUAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR A 360° PERSPECTIVE ON THE BIG STORIES SHAPING OUR WORLD. Subscribe to our Research & Insights TRENDING Capital Markets Private Debt: A Lesser-Known Corner Of Finance Finds The Spotlight The private debt market has grown tenfold in the past decade with assets under management of funds primarily involved in direct lending surging to $412 billion at end-2020—spurred in part by investors’ search for higher yield. Markets in Motion War in Ukraine Without a quick end to the conflict on the horizon, the effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine are being seen in equities, energy, global trade and commodities markets. Technology & Innovation Automotive Start your engines and drive your decision-making to your destination with observations and insights from our global automotive industry experts on the market’s technology, production, product strategies, sales, and marketing. INSIGHTS ON MOBILITY Automotive S&P Global THE EVOLUTION OF THE EV CONSUMER Automotive S&P Global THE CHALLENGE OF SOURCING EV BATTERY MINERALS IN AN ESG WORLD Automotive S&P Global HYDROGEN: IN IT FOR THE LONG HAUL As shocks reverberate across economies and markets, finding a way through the strains weighing on credit leaves little room for error. AUTOMOTIVE INSIGHTS FROM S&P GLOBAL MOBILITY LEVERAGE TECHNOLOGY AND DATA SCIENCE TO PROVIDE UNIQUE INSIGHTS, FORECASTS AND ADVISORY SERVICES SPANNING EVERY MAJOR MARKET AND THE ENTIRE AUTOMOTIVE VALUE CHAIN—FROM PRODUCT PLANNING TO MARKETING, SALES AND THE AFTERMARKET. Learn more THE ESSENTIAL PODCAST SEE ALL EPISODES Episode 81 CERAWEEK DAY 5 Episode 80 CERAWEEK DAY 4 Episode 79 CERAWEEK DAY 3 SEE ALL EPISODES OUR DIVISIONS Bringing together highly complementary capabilities to power the markets of the future. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our analyst-driven credit ratings, research, and sustainable finance opinions provide critical insights that are essential to translating complexity into clarity so market participants can uncover opportunities and make decisions with conviction. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We provide iconic and innovative index solutions backed by unparalleled expertise across the asset-class spectrum. 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Episode 81 Episode 80 Episode 79 English Accessibility Adjustments Reset Settings Statement Hide Interface Choose the right accessibility profile for you OFF ON Seizure Safe Profile Clear flashes & reduces color This profile enables epileptic and seizure prone users to browse safely by eliminating the risk of seizures that result from flashing or blinking animations and risky color combinations. OFF ON Vision Impaired Profile Enhances website's visuals This profile adjusts the website, so that it is accessible to the majority of visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, and others. OFF ON ADHD Friendly Profile More focus & fewer distractions This profile significantly reduces distractions, to help people with ADHD and Neurodevelopmental disorders browse, read, and focus on the essential elements of the website more easily. OFF ON Cognitive Disability Profile Assists with reading & focusing This profile provides various assistive features to help users with cognitive disabilities such as Autism, Dyslexia, CVA, and others, to focus on the essential elements of the website more easily. OFF ON Keyboard Navigation (Motor) Use website with the keyboard This profile enables motor-impaired persons to operate the website using the keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, and the Enter keys. Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements. Note: This profile prompts automatically for keyboard users. OFF ON Blind Users (Screen Reader) Optimize website for screen-readers This profile adjusts the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. A screen-reader is software that is installed on the blind user’s computer and smartphone, and websites should ensure compatibility with it. Note: This profile prompts automatically to screen-readers. Content Adjustments Content Scaling Default Readable Font Highlight Titles Highlight Links Text Magnifier Adjust Font Sizing Default Align Center Adjust Line Height Default Align Left Adjust Letter Spacing Default Align Right Color Adjustments Dark Contrast Light Contrast High Contrast High Saturation Adjust Text Colors Cancel Monochrome Adjust Title Colors Cancel Low Saturation Adjust Background Colors Cancel Orientation Adjustments Mute Sounds Hide Images Read Mode Reading Guide Useful Links Select an option Home Header Footer Main Content Stop Animations Reading Mask Highlight Hover Highlight Focus Big Black Cursor Big White Cursor HIDDEN_ADJUSTMENTS Keyboard Navigation Accessible Mode Screen Reader Adjustments Read Mode Powered By Crownpeak Choose the Interface Language English Español Deutsch Português Français Italiano עברית 繁體中文 Pусский عربى عربى Nederlands 繁體中文 日本語 Polski Türk Accessibility StatementCompliance status We firmly believe that the internet should be available and accessible to anyone and are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the broadest possible audience, regardless of ability. To fulfill this, we aim to adhere as strictly as possible to the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) at the AA level. These guidelines explain how to make web content accessible to people with a wide array of disabilities. Complying with those guidelines helps us ensure that the website is accessible to blind people, people with motor impairments, visual impairment, cognitive disabilities, and more. This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user interface) and design it to their personal needs. Additionally, the website utilizes an AI-based application that runs in the background and optimizes its accessibility level constantly. This application remediates the website’s HTML, adapts its functionality and behavior for screen-readers used by blind users, and for keyboard functions used by individuals with motor impairments. If you wish to contact the website’s owner please use the website's form Screen-reader and keyboard navigation Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with screen-readers can read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of the most important screen-reader requirements: 1. Screen-reader optimization: we run a process that learns the website’s components from top to bottom, to ensure ongoing compliance even when updating the website. In this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes. For example, we provide accurate form labels; descriptions for actionable icons (social media icons, search icons, cart icons, etc.); validation guidance for form inputs; element roles such as buttons, menus, modal dialogues (popups), and others. Additionally, the background process scans all of the website’s images. It provides an accurate and meaningful image-object-recognition-based description as an ALT (alternate text) tag for images that are not described. It will also extract texts embedded within the image using an OCR (optical character recognition) technology. To turn on screen-reader adjustments at any time, users need only to press the Alt+1 keyboard combination. Screen-reader users also get automatic announcements to turn the Screen-reader mode on as soon as they enter the website. These adjustments are compatible with popular screen readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. 2. Keyboard navigation optimization: The background process also adjusts the website’s HTML and adds various behaviors using JavaScript code to make the website operable by the keyboard. This includes the ability to navigate the website using the Tab and Shift+Tab keys, operate dropdowns with the arrow keys, close them with Esc, trigger buttons and links using the Enter key, navigate between radio and checkbox elements using the arrow keys, and fill them in with the Spacebar or Enter key. Additionally, keyboard users will find content-skip menus available at any time by clicking Alt+2, or as the first element of the site while navigating with the keyboard. The background process also handles triggered popups by moving the keyboard focus towards them as soon as they appear, not allowing the focus to drift outside. Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements. Disability profiles supported on our website * Epilepsy Safe Profile: this profile enables people with epilepsy to safely use the website by eliminating the risk of seizures resulting from flashing or blinking animations and risky color combinations. * Vision Impaired Profile: this profile adjusts the website so that it is accessible to the majority of visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, and others. * Cognitive Disability Profile: this profile provides various assistive features to help users with cognitive disabilities such as Autism, Dyslexia, CVA, and others, to focus on the essential elements more easily. * ADHD Friendly Profile: this profile significantly reduces distractions and noise to help people with ADHD, and Neurodevelopmental disorders browse, read, and focus on the essential elements more easily. * Blind Users Profile (Screen-readers): this profile adjusts the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. A screen-reader is installed on the blind user’s computer, and this site is compatible with it. * Keyboard Navigation Profile (Motor-Impaired): this profile enables motor-impaired persons to operate the website using the keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, and the Enter keys. Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements. Additional UI, design, and readability adjustments 1. Font adjustments – users can increase and decrease its size, change its family (type), adjust the spacing, alignment, line height, and more. 2. Color adjustments – users can select various color contrast profiles such as light, dark, inverted, and monochrome. Additionally, users can swap color schemes of titles, texts, and backgrounds with over seven different coloring options. 3. Animations – epileptic users can stop all running animations with the click of a button. Animations controlled by the interface include videos, GIFs, and CSS flashing transitions. 4. Content highlighting – users can choose to emphasize essential elements such as links and titles. They can also choose to highlight focused or hovered elements only. 5. Audio muting – users with hearing devices may experience headaches or other issues due to automatic audio playing. This option lets users mute the entire website instantly. 6. Cognitive disorders – we utilize a search engine linked to Wikipedia and Wiktionary, allowing people with cognitive disorders to decipher meanings of phrases, initials, slang, and others. 7. Additional functions – we allow users to change cursor color and size, use a printing mode, enable a virtual keyboard, and many other functions. Assistive technology and browser compatibility We aim to support as many browsers and assistive technologies as possible, so our users can choose the best fitting tools for them, with as few limitations as possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all major systems that comprise over 95% of the user market share, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS, and NVDA (screen readers), both for Windows and MAC users. Notes, comments, and feedback Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating, improving its options and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal level of accessibility following technological advancements. If you wish to contact the website’s owner, please use the website's form Hide Accessibility Interface? Please note: If you choose to hide the accessibility interface, you won't be able to see it anymore, unless you clear your browsing history and data. Are you sure that you wish to hide the interface? Accept Cancel Continue Processing the data, please give it a few seconds... Press Alt+1 for screen-reader mode YOUR COOKIE CONTROLS: S&P Global uses cookies to improve user experience and site performance, offer advertising tailored to your interests and enable social media sharing. Where required by applicable law, we will obtain your consent before we place any cookies on your device that are not strictly necessary for the functioning of our websites. By clicking "Accept All Cookies", you agree to our use of cookies. Learn about our cookies and how to modify your preferences in our Cookie Notice. Visit our updated Privacy Policy and Cookie Notice, effective December 30, 2022. 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