www.ni.com Open in urlscan Pro
2606:4700::6810:220f  Public Scan

Form analysis
3 forms found in the DOM

Name: autoComplete-global — //www.ni.com/de-de/search.html

<form id="wrapper-search-form" name="autoComplete-global" type="GET" action="//www.ni.com/de-de/search.html">
  <div class="autoCompleteItem-global">
    <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Sie können beispielsweise nach „LabVIEW herunterladen“ suchen" class="niAutocompleteInput ui-autocomplete-input" data-search-type="globalSearch" lang="de-DE" autocomplete="off">
    <button type="submit" class="search-submit">
      <svg viewBox="0 0 26.33 26.84">
        <circle cx="11.15" cy="11.15" r="10"></circle>
        <path d="M21.76,23.09l7.07,7.07" transform="translate(-3.64 -4.47)"></path>
      </svg>
    </button>
    <button type="reset" class="close">
      <i class="fal fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
    </button>
    <ul class="ui-autocomplete ui-front ui-menu ui-widget ui-widget-content" id="ui-id-1" tabindex="0" style="display: none;"></ul>
  </div>
</form>

<form>
  <div class="questions" data-offset-width="316">
    <p>Was möchten Sie tun? Wir können Ihnen helfen.</p>
    <a href="#" class="outlineBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="1" data-popover-route="get-quote">Kostenvoranschlag anfordern</a>
    <a href="#" class="outlineBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="1" data-popover-route="find-product">Das geeignete Produkt finden</a>
    <a href="#" class="outlineBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="1" data-popover-route="place-order">Bestellung aufgeben</a>
    <a href="//www.ni.com/de-de/support.html" class="outlineBtn block supportNavigator">Support anfordern</a>
  </div>
  <div id="contactSalesform" data-offset-width="572" class="hidden">
    <div class="h3">Wie können wir helfen?</div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <textarea class="form-control" id="description" name="description" rows="5" placeholder="Ich interessiere mich für ..."></textarea>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="h3">Bitte geben Sie unten Ihre Informationen ein. Wir setzen uns zeitnah mit Ihnen in Verbindung.</div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="first_name" name="first_name" maxlength="40" placeholder="Vorname  " data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="last_name" name="last_name" maxlength="80" placeholder="Nachname  " data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="company" maxlength="40" name="company" placeholder="Firmenname">
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" maxlength="80" name="email" placeholder="Firmen-E-Mail-Adresse" data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="phone" name="phone" placeholder="Telefonnummer" data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="form-group">
          <select class="form-control countrList" id="country" maxlength="40" name="country">
            <option selected="" disabled="" value="">Land</option>
          </select>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="h4">Bevorzugte Kommunikationsmethode</div>
        <div class="form-group horizontal-radio-buttons">
          <span><input type="radio" name="preferred-method" value="email">E-Mail</span>
          <span><input type="radio" name="preferred-method" value="phone call">Anruf</span>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <button type="button" name="send" value="send" class="primaryBtn block slideNavigator formSubmitter" data-popover-nextslide="2">Absenden</button>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <hr>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <a href="#" class="slideNavigator prevSlide" data-popover-nextslide="0">
                        <i class="fas fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                    </a>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 text-right phone">
        <div class="ni-contact-sales-number"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="thanksSlide hidden text-center" data-offset-width="572">
    <p class="thanks">Vielen Dank.</p>
    <p class="thanksMsg">Sie hören bald von uns! </p>
    <img src="//www.ni.com/content/dam/web/scene7/images/logo_2020_white.svg" alt="" loading="lazy">
  </div>
  <input type="hidden" name="oid" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="retURL" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="route" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="Privacy_Policy_Acceptance_Reason__c" value="Customer entered contact data and requested a callback on www.ni.com/contact-sales form.">
  <input type="hidden" name="lead_source" value="ni.com - Sales Form">
  <input type="hidden" name="recordType" value="012i0000000xsPz">
  <input type="hidden" name="00Ni000000FoVoC" value="Request a Callback">
  <input type="hidden" name="00Ni000000FoVoB" value="cREQ Date">
</form>

<form>
  <div class="questions" data-offset-width="316">
    <p>Was möchten Sie tun? Wir können Ihnen helfen.</p>
    <a href="#" class="outlineBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="1" data-popover-route="get-quote">Kostenvoranschlag anfordern</a>
    <a href="#" class="outlineBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="1" data-popover-route="find-product">Das geeignete Produkt finden</a>
    <a href="#" class="outlineBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="1" data-popover-route="place-order">Bestellung aufgeben</a>
    <a href="//www.ni.com/de-de/support.html" class="outlineBtn block supportNavigator">Support anfordern</a>
  </div>
  <div class="mobileForm1 hidden" data-offset-width="316">
    <div class="h3">Wie können wir helfen?</div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <textarea class="form-control" id="description" name="description" rows="8" placeholder="Ich interessiere mich für ..."></textarea>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-8">
        <a href="#" class="slideNavigator prevSlide pull-left" data-popover-nextslide="0">
                        <i class="fas fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                    </a>
        <div class="text-center phone">
          <div class="ni-contact-sales-number"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-4 text-right">
        <a href="#" class="primaryBtn block slideNavigator" data-popover-nextslide="2">Weiter</a>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="mobileForm2 hidden" data-offset-width="316">
    <div class="h3">Bitte geben Sie unten Ihre Informationen ein. Wir setzen uns zeitnah mit Ihnen in Verbindung.</div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="first_name" name="first_name" maxlength="40" placeholder="Vorname  " data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="last_name" name="last_name" maxlength="80" placeholder="Nachname  " data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="company" maxlength="40" name="company" placeholder="Firmenname">
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" maxlength="80" name="email" placeholder="Firmen-E-Mail-Adresse" data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="phone" name="phone" placeholder="Telefonnummer" data-validation-required="" required="">
          <div class="ni-validation-messages">
            <div data-message="required">Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch</div>
            <span class="fa fa-times-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12">
        <div class="form-group">
          <select class="form-control countrList" id="country" maxlength="40" name="country">
            <option selected="" disabled="" value="">Land</option>
          </select>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-9">
        <div class="form-group">
          <div class="h4">Bevorzugte Kommunikationsmethode</div>
          <div class="form-group horizontal-radio-buttons">
            <span><input type="radio" name="preferred-method" value="email">E-Mail</span>
            <span><input type="radio" name="preferred-method" value="phone call">Anruf</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2">
        <a href="#" class="slideNavigator prevSlide" data-popover-nextslide="1">
                        <i class="fas fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                    </a>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="phone">
          <div class="ni-contact-sales-number"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-4 text-right">
        <button type="button" name="send" value="send" class="primaryBtn block slideNavigator formSubmitter" data-popover-nextslide="3">Absenden</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="thanksSlide hidden text-center" data-offset-width="316">
    <p class="thanks">Vielen Dank.</p>
    <p class="thanksMsg">Sie hören bald von uns! </p>
    <img src="//www.ni.com/content/dam/web/scene7/images/logo_2020_white.svg" alt="" loading="lazy">
  </div>
  <input type="hidden" name="oid" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="action" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="route" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="description_prefix" value="Customer requesting help via Contact Sales Team form on ni.com.">
  <input type="hidden" name="Privacy_Policy_Acceptance_Reason__c" value="Customer entered contact data and requested a callback on www.ni.com/contact-sales form.">
  <input type="hidden" name="lead_source" value="ni.com - Sales Form">
  <input type="hidden" name="recordType" value="012i0000000xsPz">
  <input type="hidden" name="00Ni000000FoVoC" value="Request a Callback">
  <input type="hidden" name="00Ni000000FoVoB" value="cREQ Date">
</form>

Text Content

 * Zurück zur Startseite
   
 * Toggle navigation
 * 
   Lösungen
   Branchen
    * Forschung und Lehre
    * Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie Verteidigung
    * Elektronik
    * Energie
    * Industrieanlagen
    * Halbleitertechnik
    * Mobilität und Automotive
   
   Produktlebenszyklen
    * Entwurf und Prototyp
    * Validierung
    * Produktion
   
   Schwerpunktthemen
    * 5G- und 6G-Technologie
    * Elektrofahrzeug-Test
    * Lebenszyklusanalysen
    * Radar und elektronische Kampfführung
    * Starts und Erforschung in der Raumfahrt
    * Innovationen im Validierungslabor
   
   Unseren Ansatz für Lösungen kennenlernen
   Erhalten Sie Hilfe
   Von der Problembehandlung bei technischen Anliegen und Produktempfehlungen
   bis hin zu Angeboten und Bestellungen stehen wir zur Verfügung.
   Kontakt
   Produkte
   Software
   Alle Programme anzeigen
    * LabVIEW
    * TestStand
    * FlexLogger
    * SystemLink
    * DIAdem
    * VeriStand
    * Optimal+ is now NI
   
   Softwarepakete
    * Test Workflow
    * HIL and Real-Time Test Software Suite
    * Circuit Design Suite
   
   SERVICELEISTUNGEN
   Alle Serviceleistungen anzeigen
    * Reparaturdienste
    * Kalibrierung
    * Serviceleistungen von NI
    * Schulungen und Online-Kurse
   
   HARDWARE
   Alle Hardware anzeigen
   Datenerfassung, Steuerung und Regelung
    * Weitere Informationen zu DAQ
    * Multifunktionale I/O
    * Spannung
    * Strom
    * Digitale I/O
    * Controller im Chassis
    * CompactDAQ-Chassis
    * Temperatur
    * Schall und Schwingung
    * Dehnung, Druck und Kraft
   
    * Testen elektronischer Schaltungen
    * Oszilloskope
    * Schaltmodule
    * Source Measurement Units
    * GPIB, Ethernet und serielle Schnittstellen
    * Digitalmultimeter
    * PXI Controllers
    * PXI Chassis
   
   Entwerfen und Testen drahtloser Systeme
    * Softwaredefinierte Funksysteme
    * RF-Signalgeneratoren
    * Vektorsignal-Transceiver
   
   Zubehör
    * Stromversorgung
    * Steckverbinder
    * Kabel
    * Sensoren
   
   KOMPONENTEN
    * Einsteiger-DAQ
    * Neue Produkte
   
   RESSOURCEN
    * Informationen rund um das Online-Shopping
    * Advisors
    * Vertriebspartner
   
   Alle Produkte anzeigen
   PC-basierte Systeme
   
   Tischmess- und -prüfgeräte
   
   CompactRIO
   
   Verteilte Mess- und Regelsysteme
   
   PXI
   
   Hochleistungs-Testsysteme
   
   Software
   
   Systementwicklungssoftware
   
   Perspektiven Support
   Ressourcen
   Alle Support-Ressourcen anzeigen
    * Software-Downloads
    * Registrieren und Aktivieren
    * Produktdokumentation
    * Versionshinweise
    * Online-Schulungen
    * Wissensdatenbank
    * Code-Beispiele
   
   Support anfordern
   
   Sie können Reparaturen oder eine RMA anfordern, Kalibrierungen planen oder
   technische Unterstützung erhalten. Unter Umständen ist dazu eine
   Servicevereinbarung erforderlich.
   
   Neue Serviceanfrage
   Beliebte Software
   Alle Softwareprodukt-Downloads anzeigen
   LabVIEW
   Multisim
   Academic Volume License
   Beliebte Treiber
   Alle Treibersoftware-Downloads anzeigen
    * NI-DAQmx
      
      Unterstützung beim Einsatz von Datenerfassungs- und
      Signalaufbereitungshardware von NI.  
   
    * NI-VISA
      
      Unterstützung für Ethernet-, GPIB-, serielle, USB- und andere Arten von
      Messgeräten.
   
    * NI-488.2
      
      Unterstützung für GPIB-Controller und Embedded-Controller mit GPIB-Ports
      von NI.
   
   Community Info Kontakt Mein Konto
   Mein Konto
   
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
   Anmelden
   Ein Konto erstellen
   Benutzerkonto Suche
   
 * Warenkorb
    * Lösungen
      * Zurück
      * Branchen
      * Forschung und Lehre
      * Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie Verteidigung
      * Elektronik
      * Energie
      * Industrieanlagen
      * Halbleitertechnik
      * Mobilität und Automotive
      * Produktlebenszyklen
      * Entwurf und Prototyp
      * Validierung
      * Produktion
      * Schwerpunktthemen
      * 5G- und 6G-Technologie
      * Elektrofahrzeug-Test
      * Lebenszyklusanalysen
      * Radar und elektronische Kampfführung
      * Starts und Erforschung in der Raumfahrt
      * Innovationen im Validierungslabor
      * Unseren Ansatz für Lösungen kennenlernen
    * Produkte
      * Zurück
      * Software
      * Alle Programme anzeigen
      * LabVIEW
      * TestStand
      * FlexLogger
      * SystemLink
      * DIAdem
      * VeriStand
      * Optimal+ is now NI
      * Softwarepakete
      * Test Workflow
      * HIL and Real-Time Test Software Suite
      * Circuit Design Suite
      * SERVICELEISTUNGEN
      * Alle Serviceleistungen anzeigen
      * Reparaturdienste
      * Kalibrierung
      * Serviceleistungen von NI
      * Schulungen und Online-Kurse
      * HARDWARE
      * Alle Hardware anzeigen
      * Datenerfassung, Steuerung und Regelung
      * Weitere Informationen zu DAQ
      * Multifunktionale I/O
      * Spannung
      * Strom
      * Digitale I/O
      * Controller im Chassis
      * CompactDAQ-Chassis
      * Temperatur
      * Schall und Schwingung
      * Dehnung, Druck und Kraft
      * Testen elektronischer Schaltungen
      * Oszilloskope
      * Schaltmodule
      * Source Measurement Units
      * GPIB, Ethernet und serielle Schnittstellen
      * Digitalmultimeter
      * PXI Controllers
      * PXI Chassis
      * Entwerfen und Testen drahtloser Systeme
      * Softwaredefinierte Funksysteme
      * RF-Signalgeneratoren
      * Vektorsignal-Transceiver
      * Zubehör
      * Stromversorgung
      * Steckverbinder
      * Kabel
      * Sensoren
      * KOMPONENTEN
      * Einsteiger-DAQ
      * Neue Produkte
      * RESSOURCEN
      * Informationen rund um das Online-Shopping
      * Advisors
      * Vertriebspartner
      * Alle Produkte anzeigen
    * Perspektiven
    * Support
      * Zurück
      * Ressourcen
      * Alle Support-Ressourcen anzeigen
      * Software-Downloads
      * Registrieren und Aktivieren
      * Produktdokumentation
      * Versionshinweise
      * Online-Schulungen
      * Wissensdatenbank
      * Code-Beispiele
      * Beliebte Software
      * Alle Softwareprodukt-Downloads anzeigen
      * LabVIEW
      * Multisim
      * Academic Volume License
      * Beliebte Treiber
      * Alle Treibersoftware-Downloads anzeigen
      * NI-DAQmx
      * NI-VISA
      * NI-488.2
      * Support anfordern
      * Sie können Reparaturen oder eine RMA anfordern, Kalibrierungen planen
        oder technische Unterstützung erhalten. Unter Umständen ist dazu eine
        Servicevereinbarung erforderlich. Neue Serviceanfrage
    * 
    * Community
    * Info
    * Kontakt
   
    * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
      Mein Konto
      
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    * Anmelden
    * Ein Konto erstellen



Startseite Innovationen Whitepaper


4 GAME-CHANGING UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADVANCED RADAR

Updated Sep 20, 2021
 * 
 * 




ÜBERBLICK

The electromagnetic spectrum is an increasingly contentious warfare domain.
Electronic countermeasures are growing in sophistication, fifth-generation
fighter aircraft are more difficult to detect, and most major world powers are
investing in cyber warfare technologies that will enable them to dominate the
spectrum. Furthermore, commercial use of spectrum is scaling exponentially as
cellular providers begin to roll out 5G, automotive manufacturers push V2X
communication, and the Internet of Things drives wireless connectivity into a
myriad of devices.

This evolution presents new challenges for scientists and engineers who are
designing and testing intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR)
systems. These challenges offer opportunities for innovation as engineers are
asked to develop increasingly complex systems using more cost- and
time-effective methods.

Yet, the underlying technologies that enable these sophisticated systems are
also evolving to meet these challenges. As a provider of instrumentation and
test equipment used for radar design and test, NI believes the following four
recent innovations will have the biggest enabling impact on radar technology
over the next several years.


CONTENTS

 * Gallium Nitride for Front-End Components
 * High-Speed Data Converters for Transmit and Receive
 * Evolving FPGA Technology for Cognitive Techniques
 * High-Bandwidth Data Buses for Sensor Fusion
 * Bringing It All Together With Modular, COTS Instruments


GALLIUM NITRIDE FOR FRONT-END COMPONENTS

Gallium Nitride (GaN), considered by some to be the biggest semiconductor
innovation since silicon, is a material that is capable of operating at a much
higher voltage than conventional semiconductor material. Higher voltage means
better efficiency, so RF power amplifiers and attenuators using GaN consume less
power and produce less heat. As more GaN-based RF component suppliers enter the
market with production-ready, reliable products, the use of GaN-based amplifiers
has increased.

This technology is important for the evolution of active electronically scanned
array (AESA) radar systems. An AESA is a fully active array with hundreds or
thousands of antennas, each with its own phase and gain control. Using a phased
array of transmitters and receivers, these radar systems steer beams
electronically without physically moving the antenna. These types of radar
systems are growing in popularity because of their increased power on target,
spatial resolution, and improved robustness compared with other conventional
radars. For example, if one element in the array fails, the radar continues to
operate. The increased use of GaN amplifiers in AESA radars should offer better
performance, achieving equivalent output power with smaller form factors and
requiring less cooling.



Figure 1. AESA Radar Architecture

As applications and solutions using GaN technology grow more advanced,
correlating component-level test results with those at a system level becomes
more critical. Traditional methods of component test using vector network
analyzers provide an accurate and narrowband view of forward and reflected gain
and phase. However, the continuous wave (CW) stimulus in this popular method
does not accurately reflect the actual signal environment the component is
ultimately used in. As an alternative, you can take advantage of the wideband
flexibility of vector signal analyzers and vector signal generators to create
pulses and modulated stimuli more representative of real-world applications and
their environments. Combining this capability with S-parameter analysis is an
increasingly more strategic method of testing at a component level.

Back to top


HIGH-SPEED DATA CONVERTERS FOR TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE

Converter technology continues to evolve every year. Today’s analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) from major
semiconductor companies sample at rates orders of magnitude faster than that of
their predecessors five years ago at comparable resolutions. The increased
resolution of these high-speed ADCs provides radars with higher dynamic range
and wide instantaneous bandwidth. Dynamic range is a critical factor for maximum
operating range; for example, it enables fifth-generation fighters such as the
F-35 to identify targets much farther out. More instantaneous bandwidth provides
several advantages, including increased spatial resolution through pulse
compression and the ability to implement advanced techniques such as low
probability of intercept (LPI) radar. Another trend enabled by wider bandwidth
is sensor fusion, during which you can allocate a single signal chain to
multiple functions. For example, you can use a wideband sensor as both a
communications system and a radar simultaneously by splitting multiple waveform
types across multiple frequency bands.

Additionally, many semiconductor companies are releasing ADCs and DACs called
“direct RF sampling converters,” such as the TI ADC12DJ3200  , which acquires
data at rates up to 6.4 GS/s. With 12-bit resolution at these sample rates, RF
sampling converters can directly convert RF input signals up to C band without
upconversion or downconversion. As converters continue to evolve, future radars
will benefit from direct RF sampling in both the C and X bands.  





Figure 2. Heterodyne Versus Direct RF Sampling Architecture

NI's PXI FlexRIO IF Transceiver, for instance, will revolutionize AESA radars.
In a fully active array, each antenna element requires its own ADC and DAC. That
means if the ADCs and DACs cannot directly sample at the radar’s operating
frequency, each transmit-receive module (TRM) also requires its own
upconversion/downconversion stage. This leads to increased design costs, size,
and variation in performance. But you can reduce costs, size, and complexity by
using a direct RF sampling architecture to simplify the RF front-end
architecture by eliminating the mixer and local oscillator (LO). With such a
large array of transmitters and receivers, direct RF sampling architectures can
significantly increase channel density and reduce the cost per channel.

Because of its modular approach to instrumentation, NI rapidly delivers the
latest converters to market before they are widely available in commercial
instruments. NI’s latest FlexRIO transceiver,  for instance, uses direct RF
sampling converters to sample up to 6.4 GS/s. This helps researchers and
engineers rapidly prototype with real-world I/O and develop test benches that
match the cutting-edge performance of today’s radars. These devices are also
capable of leveraging PXI’s advanced timing and synchronization backplane to
enable phase coherence across dozens to hundreds of channels in a single system.

Back to top


EVOLVING FPGA TECHNOLOGY FOR COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES

FPGA technology also continues to improve. Modern FPGAs contain significantly
more logic, provide more computational power per watt, and support high-speed
data streaming at up to 150 Gb/s  with dedicated IP blocks. The increased
computational capability of today’s FPGAs opens the door for innovative
techniques that simply weren’t possible five years ago.

One area of innovation that is enabled by new FPGA technology is the application
of machine learning techniques within cognitive radar. These techniques make
radars more responsive to their environments so they provide more actionable
insight. Instead of operating modes that are pre-programmed (searching mode,
tracking mode, etc.), machine learning allows radars to automatically adapt to
the best operating parameters, including operating frequency and waveform types.
Machine learning also unlocks capabilities such as automatic target recognition
(ATR) and facilitates knowledge-aided operation.



Figure 3. Machine Learning Techniques Implemented on the FPGA Within Cognitive
Radar

While aerospace and defense organizations have been using FPGA technology for
many years, another evolution we have seen is in the advancement of higher level
FPGA design tools. Higher level tools can improve development efficiency by
simplifying the migration host-based algorithms to FPGAs, while integrating
low-level HDLs in the design. In the case of LabVIEW FPGA, you can also benefit
from the tight NI hardware software integration through the abstraction of board
infrastructure such as PCI Express, JESD204B, memory controllers, and clocking.
This shifts the focus of FPGA development away from board support toward
algorithm design, which decreases development effort without sacrificing
performance. More abstracted FPGA tools can be a game changer for shortening
development cycles even for software engineers and scientists who don’t have
previous VHDL or Verilog expertise or for hardware engineers who are on tight
timelines.

Back to top


HIGH-BANDWIDTH DATA BUSES FOR SENSOR FUSION

Another key trend is the increasing reliance on higher bandwidth data buses such
as PCI Express Gen 3, 40/100 GbE, Fiber Channel, and Xilinx Aurora to move
high-bandwidth sensor data back to centralized processors for computation. For
example, the F-35’s integrated core processor aggregates data from multiple ISR
sensors to enable processing on an aggregate set of data. This provides pilots
with better situational awareness. At the heart of this trend is the evolution
of high-speed serial transceiver technology (also referred to as multigigabit
transceivers or MGTs). This technology has progressed rapidly in recent years,
with current line rates topping out at 32 Gbps per lane; 56 Gbps with PAM4 is on
the horizon. FPGAs are mainly thought of as processing resources, but they also
contain some of the most sophisticated MGTs, which makes them ideal targets for
sensor development.



Figure 4. Aggregating Sensor Data From Multiple ISR Sensors for Centralized
Processing Using High-Speed Data Buses

The advantage of working with modular instrumentation is that systems can more
easily evolve as processing power and bandwidth rapidly increase over time. The
PXI platform in particular works well for systems that require high-bandwidth
data streaming and integrated timing and synchronization.

Back to top


BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER WITH MODULAR, COTS INSTRUMENTS

With the rapid evolution of these underlying technologies, radar techniques and
architectures are increasing both in complexity and capability. As technology
continues to advance, systems must evolve to keep pace. With both design talent
and an intimate knowledge available in-house, developing fully custom hardware
and software for radar prototypes and test systems internally can seem like the
only viable option to achieve the required customization and performance.
However, these solutions also come with long-term maintenance responsibility,
and opportunity cost.

With the advent of the FPGAs and rapid adoption of new converters and streaming
technologies in modular form factors, COTS solutions not only meet specification
requirements but can offer flexibility to ensure systems achieve the longevity
required to longer life cycles. By rapidly incorporating these technologies in
modular, COTS form factors, NI enables engineers to meet the evolving
requirements of advanced radar systems while also meeting strict timelines and
budgets.

 

Back to top



NEXT STEPS

 * Learn more about how engineers and researchers use instruments to build and
   test radar systems that can adapt to evolving threats.
 * Learn more about FlexRIO devices for prototyping and testing high bandwidth
   radar systems.




Wir verwenden Cookies, um das Surfen auf unserer Website angenehmer zu
gestalten. Nähere Informationen entnehmen Sie bitte unserer Datenschutzerklärung
und unserer Cookie-Richtlinie.

OK

Was möchten Sie tun? Wir können Ihnen helfen.

Kostenvoranschlag anfordern Das geeignete Produkt finden Bestellung aufgeben
Support anfordern
Wie können wir helfen?

Bitte geben Sie unten Ihre Informationen ein. Wir setzen uns zeitnah mit Ihnen
in Verbindung.
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Land
Bevorzugte Kommunikationsmethode
E-Mail Anruf
Absenden

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Vielen Dank.

Sie hören bald von uns!

Was möchten Sie tun? Wir können Ihnen helfen.

Kostenvoranschlag anfordern Das geeignete Produkt finden Bestellung aufgeben
Support anfordern
Wie können wir helfen?

Weiter
Bitte geben Sie unten Ihre Informationen ein. Wir setzen uns zeitnah mit Ihnen
in Verbindung.
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch

Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Dieses Feld ist obligatorisch
Land
Bevorzugte Kommunikationsmethode
E-Mail Anruf
Absenden

Vielen Dank.

Sie hören bald von uns!

Experten kontaktieren
Engineer Ambitiously.
Lösungen
 * Halbleitertechnik
 * Mobilität und Automotive
 * Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie Verteidigung
 * Forschung und Lehre
 * Elektronik
 * Energie
 * Industrieanlagen
 * Schwermaschinen
 * Partner

Bestellungen
 * Vertriebspartner finden
 * Bestellstatus und bisherige Bestellungen
 * Angebot aufrufen
 * Servicebedingungen
 * Über die Artikelnummer bestellen oder ein Angebot anfordern

Unternehmen
 * Führungsteam
 * Karriere
 * Investor Relations
 * Aktuelles/Presse
 * Corporate Impact
 * Lieferkette/Qualität
 * Veranstaltungen

Support
   
 * Downloads
   
 * Produktdokumentation
   
 * Diskussionsforen
   
 * Produktaktivierung
   
 * Serviceanfrage stellen
   
 * Feedback zur Website

YouTube Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Instagram
Germany (Deutsch)
RECHTLICHE HINWEISE |  DATENSCHUTZ
© 2022 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS CORP. ALLE RECHTE VORBEHALTEN.

089 7413130