www.thenewoptometrist.com
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Submitted URL: https://bit.ly/4e8ofGx
Effective URL: https://www.thenewoptometrist.com/news/advancing-vision-with-technologies-for-spaceflight
Submission: On July 27 via manual from SG — Scanned from SG
Effective URL: https://www.thenewoptometrist.com/news/advancing-vision-with-technologies-for-spaceflight
Submission: On July 27 via manual from SG — Scanned from SG
Form analysis 11 forms found in the DOM
Name: deLogin — POST /login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight
<form action="/login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight" name="deLogin" id="deLogin" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
class="ao-loginde-vertical" data-dccode="2223"><input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoLogin"><input type="hidden" name="Age_27_7_2024" value="">
<div class="ao-loginde-email aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="2" type="text" name="email" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Email2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Email"></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-password aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="3" type="password" name="password" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Password2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Password"></div>
<div class="aos-Check aos-DS19-N aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MT5px aos-MB15px"><input type="checkbox" name="RememberLogin" id="aoLogin-RememberLogin" value="1" class="aos-DS19-FField" data-label="Remember Login"><label for="aoLogin-RememberLogin"
class="aoInputLabel"></label><span class="aos-NS">Remember Login</span></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-submit aos-FL100"><input class="aos-DS19-FButton aos-W100 aoLoginButton2223" tabindex="4" type="submit" value="Login"></div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MTXS aos-TAC aos-DS19-N ao-loginde-bottomlinks"><a class="aos-NS" href="/join-thousands-of-eye-care-professionals">Register</a><span
class="aos-MLR5px aos-NS">|</span><a class="aos-NS" href="/password-reset">Reset Password</a></div>
</form>Name: ao-srch-form — GET /search
<form method="get" action="/search" name="ao-srch-form" id="ao-searchde-serchform-2101" class="ao-searchde-serchform image" data-idname="2101" data-predictive="true" data-palign="1" data-phspace="0" data-pvspace="0" data-pwidth="0"
data-searchtype="1" data-channelcode="868" data-storeprofcode="1" data-pricecolor="262222" data-cst="28" data-startbreakpoint="" data-channellink="/search" data-showsecuredcontent="1">
<div>
<span class="aos-PosR"><label for="ao-searchde-box-2101" class="aos-searchde-srchbox-label">Search The New Optometrist</label><input type="text" autocomplete="off" class="aos-DS19-FField ao-searchde-srchbox" name="q" id="ao-searchde-box-2101"
value="" placeholder="Search The New Optometrist">
<div id="ao-searchde-result-2101" class="ao-searchde-result aos-DS28-BGColor aos-DS28-Border" style="width: 100%; left: 0px; display: none;"></div>
</span>
<span>
<button class="aos-Image aos-P0 ao-Pointer aos-DF" id="ao-searchde-btn-2101"><img class="aos-Image" src="/AcuCustom/Sitename/Icon/Icons/tno-icon-search-de.svg" alt="Search" title="Search"></button>
</span>
</div>
</form>Name: deLogin — POST /login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight
<form action="/login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight" name="deLogin" id="deLogin" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
class="ao-loginde-vertical" data-dccode="2223"><input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoLogin"><input type="hidden" name="Age_27_7_2024" value="">
<div class="ao-loginde-email aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="2" type="text" name="email" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Email2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Email"></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-password aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="3" type="password" name="password" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Password2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Password"></div>
<div class="aos-Check aos-DS19-N aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MT5px aos-MB15px"><input type="checkbox" name="RememberLogin" id="aoLogin-RememberLogin" value="1" class="aos-DS19-FField" data-label="Remember Login"><label for="aoLogin-RememberLogin"
class="aoInputLabel"></label><span class="aos-NS">Remember Login</span></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-submit aos-FL100"><input class="aos-DS19-FButton aos-W100 aoLoginButton2223" tabindex="4" type="submit" value="Login"></div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MTXS aos-TAC aos-DS19-N ao-loginde-bottomlinks"><a class="aos-NS" href="/join-thousands-of-eye-care-professionals">Register</a><span
class="aos-MLR5px aos-NS">|</span><a class="aos-NS" href="/password-reset">Reset Password</a></div>
</form>Name: deLogin — POST /login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight
<form action="/login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight" name="deLogin" id="deLogin" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
class="ao-loginde-vertical" data-dccode="2223"><input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoLogin"><input type="hidden" name="Age_27_7_2024" value="">
<div class="ao-loginde-email aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="2" type="text" name="email" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Email2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Email"></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-password aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="3" type="password" name="password" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Password2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Password"></div>
<div class="aos-Check aos-DS19-N aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MT5px aos-MB15px"><input type="checkbox" name="RememberLogin" id="aoLogin-RememberLogin" value="1" class="aos-DS19-FField" data-label="Remember Login"><label for="aoLogin-RememberLogin"
class="aoInputLabel"></label><span class="aos-NS">Remember Login</span></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-submit aos-FL100"><input class="aos-DS19-FButton aos-W100 aoLoginButton2223" tabindex="4" type="submit" value="Login"></div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MTXS aos-TAC aos-DS19-N ao-loginde-bottomlinks"><a class="aos-NS" href="/join-thousands-of-eye-care-professionals">Register</a><span
class="aos-MLR5px aos-NS">|</span><a class="aos-NS" href="/password-reset">Reset Password</a></div>
</form>Name: deLogin — POST /login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight
<form action="/login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight" name="deLogin" id="deLogin" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
class="ao-loginde-vertical" data-dccode="2223"><input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoLogin"><input type="hidden" name="Age_27_7_2024" value="">
<div class="ao-loginde-email aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="2" type="text" name="email" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Email2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Email"></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-password aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="3" type="password" name="password" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Password2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Password"></div>
<div class="aos-Check aos-DS19-N aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MT5px aos-MB15px"><input type="checkbox" name="RememberLogin" id="aoLogin-RememberLogin" value="1" class="aos-DS19-FField" data-label="Remember Login"><label for="aoLogin-RememberLogin"
class="aoInputLabel"></label><span class="aos-NS">Remember Login</span></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-submit aos-FL100"><input class="aos-DS19-FButton aos-W100 aoLoginButton2223" tabindex="4" type="submit" value="Login"></div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MTXS aos-TAC aos-DS19-N ao-loginde-bottomlinks"><a class="aos-NS" href="/join-thousands-of-eye-care-professionals">Register</a><span
class="aos-MLR5px aos-NS">|</span><a class="aos-NS" href="/password-reset">Reset Password</a></div>
</form>Name: deLogin — POST /login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight
<form action="/login?RefDoc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ethenewoptometrist%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fadvancing%2Dvision%2Dwith%2Dtechnologies%2Dfor%2Dspaceflight" name="deLogin" id="deLogin" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
class="ao-loginde-vertical" data-dccode="2223"><input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoLogin"><input type="hidden" name="Age_27_7_2024" value="">
<div class="ao-loginde-email aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="2" type="text" name="email" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Email2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Email"></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-password aos-MBXS"><input tabindex="3" type="password" name="password" class="aos-DS19-FField aos-W100 aos-P05em" id="Password2223" maxlength="150" placeholder="Password"></div>
<div class="aos-Check aos-DS19-N aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MT5px aos-MB15px"><input type="checkbox" name="RememberLogin" id="aoLogin-RememberLogin" value="1" class="aos-DS19-FField" data-label="Remember Login"><label for="aoLogin-RememberLogin"
class="aoInputLabel"></label><span class="aos-NS">Remember Login</span></div>
<div class="ao-loginde-submit aos-FL100"><input class="aos-DS19-FButton aos-W100 aoLoginButton2223" tabindex="4" type="submit" value="Login"></div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MTXS aos-TAC aos-DS19-N ao-loginde-bottomlinks"><a class="aos-NS" href="/join-thousands-of-eye-care-professionals">Register</a><span
class="aos-MLR5px aos-NS">|</span><a class="aos-NS" href="/password-reset">Reset Password</a></div>
</form>Name: ao-srch-form — GET /search
<form method="get" action="/search" name="ao-srch-form" id="ao-searchde-serchform-2101" class="ao-searchde-serchform image" data-idname="2101" data-predictive="true" data-palign="1" data-phspace="0" data-pvspace="0" data-pwidth="0"
data-searchtype="1" data-channelcode="868" data-storeprofcode="1" data-pricecolor="262222" data-cst="28" data-startbreakpoint="" data-channellink="/search" data-showsecuredcontent="1">
<div>
<span class="aos-PosR"><label for="ao-searchde-box-2101" class="aos-searchde-srchbox-label">Search The New Optometrist</label><input type="text" autocomplete="off" class="aos-DS19-FField ao-searchde-srchbox" name="q" id="ao-searchde-box-2101"
value="" placeholder="Search The New Optometrist">
<div id="ao-searchde-result-2101" class="ao-searchde-result aos-DS28-BGColor aos-DS28-Border" style="width: 100%; left: 0px; display: none;"></div>
</span>
<span>
<button class="aos-Image aos-P0 ao-Pointer aos-DF" id="ao-searchde-btn-2101"><img class="aos-Image" src="/AcuCustom/Sitename/Icon/Icons/tno-icon-search-de.svg" alt="Search" title="Search"></button>
</span>
</div>
</form>POST
<form id="CommentAndRatingForm0_459590" class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-M0 " method="post" onsubmit="postComment(459590,24); return false;">
<div class="ao-car-entryform aos-FL aos-W100 aos-MBM">
<div class="aos-DS24-FTitle aos-MT10px aos-MB5px">Add New Comment</div>
<div class="aos-DS24-N">You must be logged in to comment.</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W100 aos-DF aos-DFXpand">
<div id="CommentAndRatingShowingComment_459590" class="aos-FL aos-DS24-FTitle"></div><select id="CommentAndRatingOrderBy_459590" class="aos-DS24-FField aos-P05em aos-Select aos-DN" onchange="getCommentAndRating(459590,true,0,0);">
<option value="1">Newest First</option>
<option value="2">Oldest First</option>
</select>
</div>
<div id="CommentAndRatingList_459590" class="ao-car-list aos-FL aos-W100 aos-DS24-WYSEdit"></div>
</form>POST /mailing-list?bDisableUnsubscribeYN=1
<form id="aoMailingLists2-2687" class="ao-EditForm" action="/mailing-list?bDisableUnsubscribeYN=1" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data-designstylecode="22" data-currentla="En">
<input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoMailingLists2-2687">
<div class="aos-FL100 aos-MT20px">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2687-FirstName" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">First Name</label><input type="text" name="FirstName" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-FirstName" value="" placeholder="First Name"
class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="First Name" data-required="1" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2687-LastName" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">Last Name</label><input type="text" name="LastName" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-LastName" value="" placeholder="Last Name"
class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="Last Name" data-required="1" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS aos-DN">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2687-InitialsOfFirstNames" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN">Initials of First Names</label><input type="text" name="InitialsOfFirstNames" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-InitialsOfFirstNames"
value="" placeholder="Initials of First Names" class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="Initials of First Names" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2687-Email" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">Email</label><input type="text" name="Email" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-Email" value="" placeholder="Email" class="aos-DS22-FField "
data-label="Email" data-required="1" data-validate="email" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<input type="hidden" name="MailingListSignUp" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-MailingListSignUp" value="2">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<input type="hidden" name="MailingListPermission" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-MailingListPermission" value="3">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<button type="button" name="execute" id="aoMailingLists2-2687-execute" class="aos-DS22-FButton aos-FL aos-W100 aos-TAC" value="Sign Up">Sign Up</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>POST /mailing-list?bDisableUnsubscribeYN=1
<form id="aoMailingLists2-2697" class="ao-EditForm" action="/mailing-list?bDisableUnsubscribeYN=1" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data-designstylecode="22" data-currentla="En">
<input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoMailingLists2-2697">
<div class="aos-FL100 aos-MT20px">
<div class="aos-FL aos-W25 aos-Br1-W33 aos-PR5px aos-Br3-W100">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2697-FirstName" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">First Name</label><input type="text" name="FirstName" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-FirstName" value="" placeholder="First Name"
class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="First Name" data-required="1" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W25 aos-Br1-W33 aos-PL5px aos-PR5px aos-Br3-W100">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2697-LastName" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">Last Name</label><input type="text" name="LastName" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-LastName" value="" placeholder="Last Name"
class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="Last Name" data-required="1" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W25 aos-Br1-W33 aos-PL5px aos-Br3-W100 aos-DN">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS aos-DN">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2697-InitialsOfFirstNames" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN">Initials of First Names</label><input type="text" name="InitialsOfFirstNames" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-InitialsOfFirstNames"
value="" placeholder="Initials of First Names" class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="Initials of First Names" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W25 aos-Br1-W33 aos-PL5px aos-Br3-W100">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2697-Email" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">Email</label><input type="text" name="Email" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-Email" value="" placeholder="Email" class="aos-DS22-FField "
data-label="Email" data-required="1" data-validate="email" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-FL aos-W25 aos-Br1-W100 aos-PL10px">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<input type="hidden" name="MailingListSignUp" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-MailingListSignUp" value="2">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<input type="hidden" name="MailingListPermission" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-MailingListPermission" value="3">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<button type="button" name="execute" id="aoMailingLists2-2697-execute" class="aos-DS22-FButton aos-FL aos-W100 aos-TAC" value="Sign Up">Sign Up</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>POST /mailing-list?bDisableUnsubscribeYN=1
<form id="aoMailingLists2-2514" class="ao-EditForm" action="/mailing-list?bDisableUnsubscribeYN=1" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data-designstylecode="22" data-currentla="En">
<input type="hidden" name="formID" value="aoMailingLists2-2514">
<div class="aos-FL100 aos-MT20px">
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2514-FirstName" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">First Name</label><input type="text" name="FirstName" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-FirstName" value="" placeholder="First Name"
class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="First Name" data-required="1" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2514-LastName" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">Last Name</label><input type="text" name="LastName" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-LastName" value="" placeholder="Last Name"
class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="Last Name" data-required="1" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS aos-DN">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2514-InitialsOfFirstNames" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN">Initials of First Names</label><input type="text" name="InitialsOfFirstNames" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-InitialsOfFirstNames"
value="" placeholder="Initials of First Names" class="aos-DS22-FField " data-label="Initials of First Names" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<label for="aoMailingLists2-2514-Email" class="aos-DS22-FTitle aos-CA aos-MTXS aos-PB5px aos-DN FormRequired">Email</label><input type="text" name="Email" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-Email" value="" placeholder="Email" class="aos-DS22-FField "
data-label="Email" data-required="1" data-validate="email" maxlength="100">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<input type="hidden" name="MailingListSignUp" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-MailingListSignUp" value="2">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<input type="hidden" name="MailingListPermission" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-MailingListPermission" value="3">
</div>
</div>
<div class="aos-editf ao-FormLine aos-CA aos-MBXS">
<div class="aos-editf aos-FL aos-W100">
<button type="button" name="execute" id="aoMailingLists2-2514-execute" class="aos-DS22-FButton aos-FL aos-W100 aos-TAC" value="Sign Up">Sign Up</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>Text Content
ao link
Topics
And Finally...
Audiology
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Register
Topics
And Finally...
Audiology
Business
Business & Profession
Cataract
Contact Lenses
Cornea & Ocular Surface
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Home / News
ADVANCING VISION WITH TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACEFLIGHT
Business & Profession31 May 2024by Joshua Ong
How head-mounted technologies built for astronauts can be leveraged for human
health on Earth
Joshua Ong
The field of spaceflight embodies humanity’s coordinated efforts to explore the
unknown – from rockets to spacewalks, and every small step that helped get us
there in the first place. There are, however, a number of deleterious effects
that the close-quarters environment can have on the human body, including bone
density loss, increased radiation exposure, muscle atrophy, sleep deprivation,
and changes to the ophthalmic system.
The most prevalent eye-centric issue astronauts experience during long-duration
spaceflight is known as SANS (short for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular
Syndrome), which can cause choroidal folds, optic disc edema, posterior globe
flattening, and hyperopic refractive shifts. Despite increasing acknowledgment
of SANS, its underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, so it is
important that we configure possible counteractive measures that support the
visual performance of astronauts. In addition, the effects of natural aging and
extended exposure to space radiation must also be considered.
Various countermeasures for SANS and space radiation – many of which focus on
prevention – have been explored. Another approach I am particularly interested
in is a digital solution for cases where natural aging, SANS, or space radiation
affect central vision. Extended exploration missions are synonymous with
limitations in terrestrial surgical and medical interventions; thus, certain
low-mass methods may be the only viable way to uphold vision and mission
safety/performance.
Digital metamorphopsia suppression, with augmented reality (AR), is a system
that could be of notable use in this regard. The digital technique was developed
for monocular central visual deficits, and employs head-mounted technology where
the individuals have an AR dark spot suppression over their central vision,
which allows their contralateral, non-affected eye to perceive a task without
distortion. In fact, our study found that different monocular suppression sizes
had varying levels of effects – it was critical that the size of dark spot
suppression was large enough to suppress the visual distortion, but not too
large as the dark spot may be too noticeable (3).
We also found that this technology could be useful for individuals on Earth with
central visual distortions. There exist a number of retinal diseases that
instigate such issues – including age-related macular degeneration (AMD),
central serous chorioretinopathy, and macular holes. From a quality-of-life
standpoint, we know that people affected by these afflictions often experience a
notable decrease in independence, which impacts various aspects of their lives
(4). As such, those with monocular central distortions may benefit from the
mobility and support offered by the system.
If anything, our work has proven that ophthalmic technologies developed for
astronauts have powerful use cases for vision on Earth (5). Take the barriers
observed in underserved areas for vision care, for example. These places suffer
from limited access to ophthalmic providers, imaging modalities, and procedures,
which, in turn, has overlapping similarities to the compact spaceflight
environment. Aspects of our artificial intelligence frameworks, like generative
adversarial networks to synthesize angiograms from non-invasive fundus images,
are a direct way in which we can support communities where fluorescein
angiography is largely unavailable but where access to fundus photography is
typically more common.
As we continue to work towards a safer journey at the final frontier, we look
forward to seeing how these technologies can also uphold vision for our
communities on Earth.
REFERENCES
1. ZS Patel et al., “Red risks for a journey to the red planet: The highest
priority human health risks for a mission to Mars,” NPJ Microgravity, 6, 1
(2020). PMID: 33298950
2. TW Olsen et al., “Chorioretinal folds: associated disorders and a related
maculopathy,” Am J Ophthalmol, 157, 5 (2014). PMID: 24531022
3. J Ong et al., “Head-mounted digital metamorphopsia suppression as a
countermeasure for macular-related visual distortions for prolonged
spaceflight missions and terrestrial health,” Wearable Technol, 3, e26
(2022). doi:10.1017/wtc.2022.21
4. JS Slakter, M Stur, “Quality of life in patients with age-related macular
degeneration: impact of the condition and benefits of treatment,” Surv
Ophthalmol, 50, 3 (2005). PMID: 15850815
5. J Ong et al.,”Terrestrial health applications of visual assessment
technology and machine learning in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular
syndrome,” NPJ Microgravity, 8, 1, (2022). PMID: 36008494
Business & ProfessionArtificial IntelligenceAugmented RealityDigital
metamorphopsia suppressionophthalmologyPatient ManagementRetinaretinal
diseasesSANSspaceunderserved communities
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JOSHUA ONG
Ophthalmology resident physician at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye
Center.
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NEWS
INVESTIGATING CHILDREN’S EYE INJURIES
A review of pediatric ocular trauma during COVID-19
Business & Profession
THE COLLABORATIVE EYE CARE AWARD - CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS
Recognizing and rewarding projects closing the gap between optometry and
ophthalmology
Business & Profession
IRIS OF THE BEHOLDER
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CONTACT LENS DESIGN INSPIRED BY THE EYE
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for contact lenses that work in tandem with the eye, says Kurt Moody
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