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12,795 charts across 118 topicsAll free: open access and open source


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Yesterday


TUBERCULOSIS IN ETHIOPIA: A DRASTIC DECLINE BUT STILL FAR BEHIND WEALTHIER
NATIONS

In 1980, Ethiopia had the highest death rate from tuberculosis in the world.
Almost 400 people died per 100,000 people, according to data from the latest
edition of the Global Burden of Disease study.

Since then, the country has achieved a sixfold reduction in the death rate. This
steep decline is shown in the chart.

The nation's widespread health initiatives have likely significantly improved
access to tuberculosis care and treatment. These efforts have significantly
exceeded the progress of other countries with similar tuberculosis rates in the
1980s.

Despite these advances, Ethiopia's tuberculosis mortality rate remains
significantly above that of wealthier nations, where fewer than 1 in 100,000
people die from the disease annually.

Explore tuberculosis mortality rates in other countries →

Continue reading

July 31


IN 2022, THE SUM OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS ACROSS COUNTRIES AMOUNTED TO 63% OF
GLOBAL GDP

According to the latest trade statistics from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators, the sum of exports and imports across countries amounted to 63% of
global GDP in 2022, the most recent year available.

This metric, also known as the trade openness index, represents the ratio of
total trade (exports plus imports) to global output. The higher this ratio, the
greater the influence of international trade transactions on global economic
activity.

The chart shows the trade openness trend since 1970. After a decade of ups and
downs, with a noticeable dip in 2020, trade rebounded above pre-pandemic levels
in 2022.

In fact, from a long-run perspective, the 63% observed in 2022 was historically
unprecedented.

Economic historians estimate that in 1912, at the peak of the “first wave of
globalization”, the trade openness index reached 30%. Global trade declined
substantially during the First and Second World Wars, then increased again with
the onset of the “second wave of globalization”, exceeding 50% of GDP at the
beginning of the 21st century.

The fact that global trade openness was higher in 2022 than ever before may seem
surprising, given that several countries that followed different trajectories
received considerable attention in the media. For example, imports and exports
peaked at 65% of GDP in China in 2006 but have since declined to 38% in 2022.

Read more about the first and second waves of globalization →

Continue reading

July 30


EVERY DAY OF INFANCY IS SAFER THAN IN THE PAST

This chart shows death rates across the first year of a baby’s life and how they
have been reduced over time.

The data spans 1921 to 2021 and comes from the Office for National Statistics in
England & Wales.

On the left-hand side of the chart, you can see that death rates are much higher
on the first day of life. They then drop sharply over the following days and
continue declining gradually over the rest of the year.

But you can also see that over decades, the entire curve has shifted downwards.
This means that every day of infancy is safer than in the past.

Read more about the decline in child mortality →

Continue reading

July 29


THE GLOBAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN NOT ATTENDING SCHOOL HAS DECLINED BY NEARLY 40%
SINCE 2000

The chart shows the global number of children and adolescents who are not in
school across primary and secondary education.

According to the most recent UNESCO data, this number has fallen from 390
million in 2000 to 244 million in 2023. That’s nearly a 40% reduction. The
global population of children has grown during this time, making the decrease in
out-of-school children even more significant.

Many more children are getting an opportunity to learn now than 20 years ago,
but progress has stagnated in the last five years.

Historically, more girls than boys were out of school, but this gap has nearly
closed. Unfortunately, the global aggregate data split by gender has not been
updated by UNESCO since 2019. This makes it hard to track recent progress
between boys and girls.

Explore the number of children out of school in other countries →

Continue reading

July 28


TWO CENTURIES AGO, ONLY 1 IN 10 ADULTS COULD READ. TODAY, IT’S ALMOST 9 IN 10

In 1820, only 1 in 10 people over the age of 15 could read. Today, the
corresponding global literacy rate — the share of adults aged 15 and older who
can read and write — is 87%. That means more than 5 billion people can read and
write today, compared to fewer than 100 million two centuries ago.

The chart shows the rising global literacy rate over time. The data combines
historical estimates from academic historians with more recent statistics from
UNESCO.

As we can see, widespread literacy is a recent achievement. This trend
underlines a huge achievement, but it’s important to remember that there’s still
much progress ahead of us. In many schools, children learn very little, and many
still do not attend school.

Read more about how literacy is measured, and learn about the research that
identifies low-cost ways to improve learning outcomes →

Continue reading

July 25


IN WHICH COUNTRIES DO PEOPLE DRINK THE MOST ALCOHOL?

Romania tops the list of countries with the highest alcohol consumption per
person, with Georgia, Czechia, Latvia, and Germany rounding out the top five.
This is according to the global estimates made available by the World Health
Organization (WHO), the latest data referring to 2019.

Alcohol consumption is measured here in liters of pure alcohol to account for
beer, wine, and spirits having different alcohol content, ranging from around 5%
by volume for a typical beer to 12% for wine to 40% or more for spirits.

To make this more concrete, the average Romanian drinks an estimated 17 liters
of pure alcohol per year — roughly equivalent to a weekly consumption of 18
bottles of beer (355 mL each) or 3.6 bottles of wine (750 mL each).

In contrast, alcohol consumption is very low in some countries, particularly in
the Middle East and North Africa.

See how much alcohol people drink in your country →

Continue reading

July 24


THROUGH SUSTAINED EFFORT, WE ARE CLOSE TO ERADICATING GUINEA WORM DISEASE

Cases of guinea worm disease have fallen dramatically in recent decades.
According to the WHO, over 890,000 cases were recorded worldwide in 1989. As you
can see on the chart — which we just updated with the latest data — only 14
human cases were reported in 2023.

Guinea worm disease is caused by the parasitic guinea worm, which mainly spreads
through stagnant water sources like ponds. The worm’s larvae enter the human
body when a person drinks contaminated water, after which they penetrate the
digestive tract to mature and reproduce within the body.

Around a year after the initial infection, the adult female breaks through the
skin's surface, creating a painful blister through which it gradually emerges
over several weeks. When it comes into contact with water, it releases new
larvae and continues its life cycle.

The disease was previously endemic in over 20 countries in South Asia and
Africa. An international eradication campaign has substantially decreased the
number of cases by improving access to clean drinking water and actively
monitoring and containing cases in endemic regions.

Learn more about the effort to eradicate guinea worm disease →

Continue reading



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EXPLORE OUR DATA

Featured data from our collection of more than 12,700 interactive charts.

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UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATELONG-RUN ESTIMATES COMBINING DATA FROM UN & GAPMINDER

Under-five mortality rate Long-run estimates combining data from un & gapminder

WHAT SHARE OF CHILDREN DIE BEFORE THEIR FIFTH BIRTHDAY?

What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the
death of children under the age of five, is still extremely common in our world
today.

The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it is
possible for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to
very low rates. For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go
right at the same time: good healthcare, good nutrition, clean water and
sanitation, maternal health, and high living standards. We can, therefore, think
of child mortality as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.

The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see
how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.

Explore and learn more about this data

Explore and learn more about this data
SHARE OF POPULATION LIVING IN EXTREME POVERTYWORLD BANK


Share of population living in extreme povertyWorld Bank

Share of population living in extreme poverty World bank

WHAT SHARE OF THE POPULATION IS LIVING IN EXTREME POVERTY?

The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable
definition for extreme poverty. Living in extreme poverty is currently defined
as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World
Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the
poorest people in the world.

Two centuries ago, the majority of the world’s population was extremely poor.
Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This
turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and makes it possible for
entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not
countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on
this indicator.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTHLONG-RUN ESTIMATES COLLATED FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES BY OUR
WORLD IN DATA


Life expectancy at birthLong-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our
World in Data

Life expectancy at birth Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by
our world in data

HOW HAS PEOPLE’S LIFE EXPECTANCY CHANGED OVER TIME?

Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life
expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71
years.

Big improvements were achieved by countries around the world. The chart shows
that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This
improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy
increased at all ages.

This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together
by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the COVID-19
pandemic led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data
PER CAPITA CO₂ EMISSIONSLONG-RUN ESTIMATES FROM THE GLOBAL CARBON BUDGET


Per capita CO₂ emissionsLong-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget

Per capita CO₂ emissions Long-run estimates from the global carbon budget

HOW HAVE CO₂ EMISSIONS PER CAPITA CHANGED?

The main source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is the burning of fossil
fuels. It is the primary greenhouse gas causing climate change.

Globally, CO2 emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over
a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while
emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in
others.

The source for this CO2 data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update
yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based
emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades,
which can be viewed in our Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data
GDP PER CAPITALONG-RUN ESTIMATES FROM THE MADDISON PROJECT DATABASE


GDP per capitaLong-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database

GDP per capita Long-run estimates from the maddison project database

HOW DO AVERAGE INCOMES COMPARE BETWEEN COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD?

GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s average income. This
indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries
is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in
rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.

The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together
the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of
this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear
that the vast majority of people in all countries were poor in the past. It
allows us to understand when and how the economic growth that made it possible
to leave the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data
SHARE OF PEOPLE THAT ARE UNDERNOURISHEDFAO


Share of people that are undernourishedFAO

Share of people that are undernourished Fao

WHAT SHARE OF THE POPULATION IS SUFFERING FROM HUNGER?

Hunger has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history.
Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life.
Food shortages, malnutrition, and famines were common around the world.

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on
undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal,
active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight,
height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global
estimates.

The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades.
But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows.
Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in
recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data
LITERACY RATELONG-RUN ESTIMATES COLLATED FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES BY OUR WORLD IN
DATA


Literacy rateLong-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in
Data

Literacy rate Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in
data

WHEN HAS LITERACY BECOME A WIDESPREAD SKILL?

Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they
can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have
fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education
offers.

The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny
elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations,
literacy levels increased, but it remains an important challenge for our time to
provide this foundational skill to all.

At Our World in Data, we investigated the strengths and shortcomings of the
available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the
long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources,
including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research
publications.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data
SHARE OF THE POPULATION WITH ACCESS TO ELECTRICITYWORLD BANK


Share of the population with access to electricityWorld Bank

Share of the population with access to electricity World bank

WHERE DO PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO EVEN THE MOST BASIC ELECTRICITY SUPPLY?

Light at night makes it possible to get together after sunset; mobile phones
allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces
food waste; and household appliances free up time from household chores. Access
to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.

The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the
most basic electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge
a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.

It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the
population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no
light at night.

Explore and learn more about this data
Click to open interactive version
Explore and learn more about this data


DATA EXPLORERS

See all our Data Explorers

Interactive visualization tools to explore a wide range of related indicators.

Poverty

Data Explorer

Population & Demography

Data Explorer

Global Health

Data Explorer

Energy

Data Explorer


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ALL OUR TOPICS

All our data, research, and writing — topic by topic.


POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE

 * Population Change:
 * Population Growth
 * Age Structure
 * Gender Ratio
 * Births and Deaths:
 * Life Expectancy
 * Fertility Rate
 * Child and Infant Mortality
 * Geography of the World Population:
 * Urbanization
 * Migration


HEALTH

 * Life and Death:
 * Global Health
 * Causes of Death
 * Child and Infant Mortality
 * Burden of Disease
 * Life Expectancy
 * Mental Health
 * Suicides
 * Cardiovascular Diseases
 * Cancer
 * Maternal Mortality
 * Health Risks:
 * Air Pollution
 * Outdoor Air Pollution
 * Indoor Air Pollution
 * Lead Pollution
 * Alcohol Consumption
 * Opioids, Cocaine, Cannabis, and Other Illicit Drugs
 * Obesity
 * Smoking
 * Infectious Diseases:
 * Pandemics
 * Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)
 * Malaria
 * HIV/AIDS
 * Diarrheal Diseases
 * Tuberculosis
 * Polio
 * Neglected Tropical Diseases
 * Influenza
 * Pneumonia
 * Tetanus
 * Mpox
 * Smallpox
 * Health Institutions and Interventions:
 * Eradication of Diseases
 * Vaccination
 * Healthcare Spending


ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

 * Climate and Air:
 * Climate Change
 * CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 * Air Pollution
 * Outdoor Air Pollution
 * Indoor Air Pollution
 * Ozone Layer
 * Energy Systems:
 * Energy
 * Access to Energy
 * Fossil Fuels
 * Renewable Energy
 * Nuclear Energy
 * Environment and Ecosystems:
 * Natural Disasters
 * Biodiversity
 * Environmental Impacts of Food Production
 * Fish and Overfishing
 * Land Use
 * Water Use and Stress
 * Forests and Deforestation
 * Wildfires
 * Animal Welfare
 * Waste and Pollution:
 * Plastic Pollution
 * Oil Spills
 * Lead Pollution


FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

 * Food Production:
 * Agricultural Production
 * Meat and Dairy Production
 * Fish and Overfishing
 * Crop Yields
 * Animal Welfare
 * Environmental Impacts of Food Production
 * Farm Size and Productivity
 * Agricultural Inputs:
 * Land Use
 * Fertilizers
 * Pesticides
 * Employment in Agriculture
 * Nutrition:
 * Hunger and Undernourishment
 * Food Supply
 * Food Prices
 * Obesity
 * Famines
 * Diet Compositions
 * Micronutrient Deficiency
 * Human Height


POVERTY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

 * Poverty and Prosperity:
 * Poverty
 * Economic Growth
 * Economic Inequality
 * Economic Inequality by Gender
 * Public Sector:
 * Government Spending
 * State Capacity
 * Taxation
 * Corruption
 * Healthcare Spending
 * Education Spending
 * Military Personnel and Spending
 * Labor:
 * Women’s Employment
 * Child Labor
 * Working Hours
 * Global Connections:
 * Trade and Globalization
 * Migration
 * Tourism
 * Water:
 * Clean Water and Sanitation
 * Clean Water
 * Sanitation


EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE

 * Education:
 * Global Education
 * Literacy
 * Education Spending
 * Knowledge:
 * Research and Development
 * Internet
 * Books


INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE

 * Technological Change
 * Research and Development
 * Artificial Intelligence
 * Internet
 * Space Exploration and Satellites
 * Transport


LIVING CONDITIONS, COMMUNITY, AND WELLBEING

 * Housing and Infrastructure:
 * Homelessness
 * Access to Energy
 * Indoor Air Pollution
 * Clean Water and Sanitation
 * Clean Water
 * Sanitation
 * Light at Night
 * Time Use:
 * Time Use
 * Working Hours
 * Relationships:
 * Marriages and Divorces
 * Loneliness and Social Connections
 * Trust
 * Happiness and Wellbeing:
 * Happiness and Life Satisfaction
 * Human Development Index (HDI)


HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY

 * Human Rights
 * Democracy
 * State Capacity
 * Women’s Rights
 * LGBT+ Rights
 * Corruption
 * Economic Inequality by Gender
 * Child Labor
 * Violence Against Children and Children’s Rights


VIOLENCE AND WAR

 * War and Peace
 * Nuclear Weapons
 * Homicides
 * Terrorism
 * State Capacity
 * Military Personnel and Spending
 * Biological and Chemical Weapons
 * Violence Against Children and Children’s Rights

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