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Войти Скрытые поля КНИГИ Добавить в библиотеку Стр. 103 1. Моя библиотека 2. Справка 3. Расширенный поиск книг 4. Скачать EPUB 5. Скачать PDF 6. Обычный текст ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ: * Компьютер * Планшет или iPad * Устройство для чтения эл. книг * Смартфон ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ: * Адаптированный формат * Исходный формат Подробнее об устройствах и форматах Загрузить EPUB, PDF - ознакомиться с инструкциями по устройству чтения Подробнее о книгах в Google Play... Стр. ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY AND TRADE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST ... Стр. ... Development Njehû , Njoki Njoroge , Director , 50 Years Is Enough : U.S. Network for Global Economic Justice Sherk , Dr. Donald R. , former U.S. Executive Director , African Development Bank ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE AFRICAN. Стр. 1 ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND WEDNESDAY , APRIL 25 , 2001 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES , SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY AND TRADE , COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES , Washington , DC . The ... Стр. 2 ... Bank , are not yet in place . But we are alternating the sub- committee hearings from the African Development Bank and Fund and , it is my intention , then to the Export - Import Bank . And we will proceed , I hope , without any further ... Стр. 4 ... Africa now live with HIV / AIDS , more than twice the number in the entire rest of the world . Last year , there were 3.8 million new HIV / AIDS infections in Africa . Every single day , 5,500 African families lose a family member ... Стр. 5 ... Africa is facing and that the Bank and the Fund , among other institutions , need to address . I do have one procedural matter to take up before we recognize other Members who have opening statements . Because of a swap between Ms ... Стр. 6 ... Development Bank and African Development Fund . I appre- ciate the interests of both our Chairman and our Ranking Members shown in issues affecting Africa . The African Development Bank's mission is to promote sustain- able economic ... Стр. 7 ... Development Bank . So he ought to be the person to address your and my questions . Moving on , we are also honored to have Dr. Kwesi Botchwey as our second distinguished witness . Dr. Botchwey is the current Di- rector of the African ... Стр. 8 ... development banks . The Treasury sent me back to Manila to be the U.S. Alternate Director to the ADB in the early 1980s . From there , I went to Abidjan in the Ivory Coast , where I was the U.S. Executive Direc- tor for the African ... Стр. 9 ... development actually took place because of those loans . And before turning to the African Development Bank , let me focus briefly on shareholder influence in the MDBs and how that influence is used . The paper that you had circulated ... Стр. 10 ... development goals very adroitly . These comments can only go so far . It would be a mistake to view all the MDBs as ... bank to bank , with key shareholders being similar , but never the same . The staff of each MDB , in spite of ... Стр. 11 ... Bank , among others . The Chairman of the African Development Bank , as I am sure all you distinguished Members of the subcommittee are aware , was established in the early 1960s by 23 African governments with an initial capital base ... Стр. 12 ... Bank . Among other things , the report raised the issue of poor quality of lending generally , and stressed three ... African institution in which African shareholders espe- cially reposed a great deal of trust . The crisis ... Стр. 13 ... ADB has tremendous strengths . As far as the Bank's role in debt elimination , we are concerned . The Bank's role in debt relief has been marginal . As of today , I think that the Bank has done HIPC - type operations in only two ... Стр. 14 ... Bank and the Managing Director , be- cause I believe they have bearing in terms of the situation in Afri- ca ... African Development Bank like my copanelists , and so my com- ments this afternoon leave the technical aspects of the ... Стр. 15 ... Bank's founding . This subcommittee can help begin to chart a new direction for the African Development Bank , one that would provide the basis for employment , technology and a way out of poverty , in support of African people's ... Стр. 16 ... African Development Bank will be rescued from its morass by worthy governments , but they are not surprised to find that it operates as a mini - World Bank , imposing the same con- ditions for the same kinds of projects . Africa needs ... Стр. 17 ... African na- tions who borrow from the bank complain that " the bank is absent when it should be present . " I would like to ask first you and Dr. Botchwey how do the bank's borrowers assess the bank's engagement with their development ... Стр. 18 ... bank . There is a lingering concern that the Bank has been so pre- occupied with getting these things right that it is taking a long time to kind of focus on a sharper vision and a niche in matters of African development . Second , also ... Стр. 20 ... African Development Bank's Vision Statement , which is the new mandate for the Bank under President Kabbaj . Clearly , it establishes poverty alleviation as the number one principal goal of the bank , and I think that message has gotten ... Стр. 21 ... African Development Bank actually have project inspectors , if you will , or loan officers that go into the field ? Dr. BOTCHWEY . Yes . Yes . Absolutely . Absolutely . The projects are appraised . They are studied and appraised and ... Стр. 22 ... Africa and the pov- erty . I want to know if the African Development Bank , or anybody , is involved in projects that explore and develop the natural resources for the benefit of the people . For example , in Zimbabwe there are unmined ... Стр. 23 ... Bank gave some loan facilities and ADB participated in rehabilitating some mines . So your question is right , why - and you raise the whole business of the concentration of the fund of the ADF's resources and the ADB resources . First ... Стр. 24 ... development mean , and so far we have been found wanting . Chairman BEREUTER . Thank you . Again , the gentlelady's ... bank or the fund taken with regard to linking debt relief with HIV and AIDS ? And have you seen any evidence ... Стр. 25 ... bank and the ADB that involved user fees . It was a disaster . We opposed it . It was a disaster . And I think the evidence shows very clearly that there ... African Development Bank and the World Bank and the International Monetary 25. Стр. 26 ... Development Bank and the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund is to say that I think that for Africans we see the African Development Bank that it should be , if we use a medical phrase , a second opinion to the policies and ... Стр. 27 ... banks had be- come lending vehicles for foreign interests going in to create eco- nomic development in countries , and that is one aspect . But why not focus some of the lending capability on domestic initiatives ? Dr. BOTCHWEY . On ... Стр. 28 ... African Development Bank . It kind of puts in perspective for me the relatively short history that the bank has but , more importantly , the even shorter history that the United States has as a participant shareholder in the Afri- can ... Стр. 29 ... African Development Bank would have a rate of return higher than 95 percent of the rest of the things that the U.S. Congress appro- priates money for . I believe that . Chairman BEREUTER . I thank the gentleman . That is an inter ... Стр. 30 ... development professionals , economists and others who think that they have come up with the right idea , with the ... Bank research economist , who ac- tually wishes to remain anonymous , but it shows that as loans have grown ... Стр. 31 ... development models that have not been imple- mented for lack of resources and expertise . Is it all simply a matter of resources , inadequate resources ? In your judgment , to your knowledge , is the ADB thinking outside the box , or ... Стр. 32 ... African staff mem- bers from the African Development Bank . They had a trust and a level of candor in their discussions that oftentimes couldn't be rep- licated by a group of World Bank staff getting off an airplane and then seeing some ... Стр. 33 ... Bank - the African Develop- ment Bank , that is has adopted poverty alleviation as its , quote , central goal , close quote . It has incorporated into this project de- sign processes , gender considerations , environmental review , pri ... Стр. 34 ... Bank would admit now that it shouldn't have been made , but at that time , as you know , he was an extremely powerful African ... African Capacity Building Initiative , which the ADB helped spawn . It is based in Harare . It is run by ... Стр. 35 ... African Economic Research Consortium , which is recognized everywhere , really , as a preeminent network of good ... Bank's money in one or two clinics or projects , and they are successful . I think that it is important for us to ... Стр. 38 ... African Development Bank and Fund Wednesday , April 25 , 2001 The Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade meets today in open session to receive testimony and to conduct oversight on the African Development Bank and ... Стр. 39 ... African countries . For example , the Fund gives " soft " loans at zero interest , although there is an annual service charge of .75 percent on outstanding balances . Second , with regard to institutional problems , the Bank and the Fund ... Стр. 40 ... African Development Bank from 1985-1989 . He is currently a Director of Management and Consulting and a Regional Representative to Africa for the International Business & Technical Consultants , Inc. In addition , Dr. Sherk in 1999 ... Стр. 41 ... African Development Bank and Fund " I would like to commend the Chairman of the Subcommittee , Mr. Bereuter , for calling this hearing to examine U.S. policy toward the African Development Bank and African Development Fund and look ... Стр. 42 ... development in the region . I look forward to finding out how the Bank and Fund are using their resources to promote ... African nations hold the key to their economic futures , not the aid donors . In this connection , I look ... Стр. 43 ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND FUND APRIL 25 , 2001 Thank you , Mr. Chairman , and welcome to our invited witnesses . I want to thank you , Mr. Chairman , for holding this important hearing today -- and for the bi - partisan spirit this ... Стр. 44 ... Africa have perished during this time because they did not have access to the prescription drugs that this law ... Bank have agreed only to reduce debts owed to them by about half . We should insist that the IMF and the World Bank ... Стр. 45 ... Bank loans than it will spend on healthcare . Mr. Chairman , the international financial institutions should do more to help the countries of Africa ... Africa . THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE UNITED STATES Mr. Chairman 45. Стр. 46 ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE UNITED STATES Mr. Chairman , my name is Donald R. Sherk . It is a distinct honor and privilege to appear before you and your committee colleagues . The subject before the committee , the African ... Стр. 47 ... African Development Bank , to undertake similar investigations of the loan portfolios in the regional banks as well . And during the period 1993-1994 all three major regional MDBs came out with similar studies . It is noteworthy for ... Стр. 48 ... development actually took place due to these loans . Before turning to the African Development Bank , I would like to focus briefly on the subject of shareholder influence in the MDBs and how that influence is used . The committee staff ... Стр. 49 ... Bank and the African Development Bank and early indications are that the two institutions are working together more effectively than heretofore . This is certainly a plus and whatever the U.S. Congress can do to help intensify this ... Стр. 50 ... Bank's opinion of her sister institution has also grown steadily over the last decade stimulated in part by a genuine desire to cooperate with the AFDB in the development of Africa ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK : A RARE SUCCESS ON A 50. Стр. 51 ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK : A RARE SUCCESS ON A TROUBLED CONTINENT Donald R. Sherk , PhD International Economist Prepared for the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission December , 1999 I. SUMMARY : The United States has ... Стр. 52 ... African Development Bank to a large extent because it is unique . This uniqueness stems from the Bank's still strong pan- African roots , from the Bank's visible emergence as a professionally staffed and well- managed institution in a ... Стр. 53 ... development banks ( the IDB , the AsDB and the EBRD ) and compared by any common standard of business efficiency , the Bank would most likely be ranked on the bottom . But if a more relevant yardstick of achievement and maturity were ... Стр. 54 ... African continent , in dramatic contrast to its sister institutions the IDB and the ASDB . Pan - African Exclusivity Seen from today's vantage point one ... Development Banks . powerful oil - rich countries of Nigeria , Libya and 54. Стр. 55 ... African states when they did finally join the Bank . ( See Section V : The Opening of the Bank ) III . THE EARLY YEARS : Of the three regional development banks the African Development Bank was capitalized by the smallest amount : $ 250 ... Стр. 56 ... Bank Group's 1999 lending level ) an average of $ 2.14 million per loan . AfDB Group lending didn't really begin to ... African Development Fund ( AfDF ) and the Nigerian Trust Fund ( NTF ) in 1973 and 1976 respectively , the AfDB ... Стр. 57 ... Bank and the Asian Development Bank ) , being seen as discriminating against one region or another could have severe political consequences . The " right " to borrow from Africa's Bank was seen by the AfDB's regional members as one of ... Стр. 59 ... African countries and 50 percent allocated to the AFDB proper , allowing the regional members to be involved in Fund operations via their position in the Bank . The non - African AfDF board members were only given authority in dealing ... Стр. 60 ... African members that the introduction of non - African states into the Bank could be done in such a way as to allow the control of the Bank , for all practical purposes , to remain in African hands . These assurances were build upon ... Стр. 61 ... African can appreciate the nervousness and uncertainty that greeted the brand - new non - regional executive ... Bank , the Inter - American Development Bank , the Asian Development Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and ... Стр. 62 ... ) Ivory Coast 5.0 % 5 ) Japan 4.6 % 9 ) Germany 3.5 % 10 ) France 3.2 % * * Tied with Canada 1998 AfDB Annual Report , African Development Bank , Abidjan , Cote d'Ivoire , 1999 , p . 30 V. THE AfDB IN FLUX The most obvious change non 62. Стр. 63 ... African Development Bank was in the level of resources . Non - African membership in the AfDB brought significantly larger soft - fund replenishments and dramatically improved access to the major capital markets of the World . With the ... Стр. 64 ... Bank's " honeymoon " period . The " marriage " between the regionals and non - regionals went relatively smoothly . There were , from time to time , differences that surfaced between how the Bank could best promote African development ... Стр. 65 ... Bank in the 1980s . The management of the Bank adopted a policy that allowed African countries with low levels of per - capita income to borrow on Bank terms when the resources in the Fund were considered inadequate . As a result , some ... Стр. 66 ... development banks followed the lead of the World Bank in assembling expert teams to review their own lending portfolios . The World Bank's report was known as the Wapenhans ' Report after the former World Bank Vice President , Willi ... Стр. 67 ... Bank's inability to deliver quality sustainable project support to Africa .... Second , the gap between the Bank's ... African institution to help overcome their problems . But , as borrower after borrower complains , the Bank is ... Стр. 68 ... Bank's former President and certain long - serving regional executive directors tended to immobilize the Bank precisely at the time that shareholder countries were looking to the Bank's board and management for evidence of reform . Was the ... Стр. 69 ... Bank's response include , cumbersome Bank procedures governing procurement , excessive centralization of decision - making , multiple levels of supervision ( director , deputy director , etc. ) with a shortage of low and mid - level ... Стр. 70 ... Bank has moved in the five years since its governance crisis . In it the Bank commits itself to a poverty alleviation focus throughout the continent and identifies the sector that it will specialize in : agriculture and rural development ... Стр. 71 ... African shareholders will increase their holdings from 33 and one / third percent to 40 percent . Just as important ... Bank policy over the opposition of the non - regional members . Finally the 1999 decision of the AfDB donors to ... Стр. 72 ... Bank policies and practices reflecting these goals have all been adopted over the course of the last several years ... development banks going back to the late Seventies . The goals listed range significantly from the petty to the ... Стр. 73 ... African Development Bank the U.S. is buying participation in what is seen to be the most respected multilateral development institution in Africa . In the words of the Bank : " This pan - African ownership , governance structure and ... Стр. 75 ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK : OUTLINE OF. 1 ) Gender Issues 2 ) Appropriate Technology 3 ) Micro - Credit Designs 4 ) Basic Human Needs ( BHN ) 5 ) Poverty Alleviation 6 ) Environmental Policies 7 ) Environmental Projects 8 ) Private Sector ... Стр. 76 ... AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK : OUTLINE OF STATEMENT MADE BY DR . KWESI BOTCHWEY TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE IN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY AND TRADE OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES WASHINGTON DC , APRIL 2001 The African ... Стр. 77 ... ADB , followed by the ADF ( US $ 7.6billion ) , and the Nigerian Trust Fund ( about US $ 205million ) . While this is relatively small compared to the World Bank and even to the other regional banks , it nevertheless makes the AfDB ... Стр. 78 ... Bank Now ? There can be no question that under the Bank's current president the Bank has moved resolutely to address the issues of management and governance that plagued the Bank and led to the bitter recriminations between the African ... Стр. 79 ... Bank is clearly well positioned to become a leading source of knowledge and development financing for the African region . The internal management problems that caused the Bank a loss of market and donor confidence have largely been ... Стр. 80 ... DEVELOPMENT IN SUB - SAHARAN AFRICA Kwesi Botchwey , Director , Africa Research and Programmes , Centre for International Development at Harvard and Yaa Oppong.1 1 The views expressed here are those of the authors and theirs only . We ... Стр. 81 ... development . It is hard to believe that a disease , that was all but unknown barely two decades ago , has to date - caused the death of 18.8 million people globally , among them 13.7 million from Africa alone . ( UNAIDS 1999a ) . The ... Стр. 82 ... Africa The African continent has the highest incidence of HIV - AIDS in the world today with some 23.3 million people infected . While the global HIV - AIDS prevalence rate is 1.07 % , the sub - Saharan African average is 8.57 ... Стр. 83 ... AFRICA Burundi 11.32 230,000 339,000 6,587,000 Cameroon 7.73 270,000 52,000 14,704,000 Central African 13.84 99,000 23,000 3,550,000 Republic Chad 2.69 68,000 10,000 7,462,000 Congo 6.43 53,000 8,600 2,867 Congo ( DRC ) 5.07 680,000 ... Стр. 84 ... Africa , transmission is overwhelmingly heterosexual and vertical transmission is also significant ? 8 ... African countries , with inadequate access to health care , STDs often go untreated . 7 The main mode of infection ... Стр. 85 ... development . Classical economic theory sees health as the more or less benign product of the development process : wealth leads to improved health . Although this is supported by an apparent correlation between GDP and life expectancy ... Стр. 86 ... development . The economic impact which they quantify , are potential consequences and effects that can be averted ... African countries affected by malaria , growth was further lowered by 0.3 per centage points per year ( Bonnel ... Стр. 88 ... Bank , a study of households and people that have become poorer over time showed that illness , injury or death is ... Africa . D. Orphans The impact of the disease on individual children depends on a variety of factors , such as ... Стр. 89 ... development . 1.Health Care Health care systems - on the front - line in coping with the AIDS crisis - are overburdened by the epidemic and the services that African countries can provide are woefully inadequate ( UNAIDS 2000 ; World Bank ... Стр. 91 ... Bank 1999 : 16 ) . Many industries are facing increased levels of absenteeism and are having to recruit replacement ... African countries , time lost to AIDS- related sickness ' followed by ' healthcare costs ' were ranked as the ... Стр. 92 ... Bank 1999 ) . In Botswana - Africa's most economically successful nation in recent years - ' a regional leader in literacy and healthcare ' - life expectancy at birth will be cut in half over the next 10 to 12 years , from perhaps 65 ... Стр. 93 ... African societies , more men have extramarital partners than women ( Caldwell 1993 : 818 ; C. Oppong 1995 : 42 ) and women are generally less informed about the potentially negative consequences of unprotected sex and / or are often ... Стр. 94 ... Africa has embraced this wisdom in the area of public policy towards HIV - AIDS . This is to some extent understandable . With Ministries of Finance constantly preoccupied with severe constraints on resources and their implications for ... Стр. 96 ... African countries47 and the challenge is to ' incorporate ... effective interventions into comprehensive national [ programmes ] ( World Bank 1999 : 18 ) . For example , studies have shown that a combination of voluntary counselling and ... Стр. 98 ... African Development Bank and African Development Fund April 25 , 2001 Testimony by Njoki Njoroge Njehû Director of the 50 Years Is Enough Network Mr. Chairman , thank you for the opportunity to testify before the Subcommittee on ... Стр. 99 ... development in sub - Saharan Africa . These are important questions which are at the heart of the future of the African continent , not only from the perspective of the role of the African Development Bank and Fund , but also of the IMF ... Стр. 100 ... African Development Bank African Development Bank , now over three decades old ,, an institution that was founded to finance projects that would provide the basis for employment , technology , and a way out of poverty . Instead of an Africa ... Стр. 101 ... development is not working for Africa . And while African governments and even the African Development Bank have made many mistakes that have contributed to the failures of development , I believe we have to look deeper . We have to ... Стр. 102 ... African Development Bank will be rescued from its morass by wealthy governments , but they aren't surprised to find that it operates as a mini - World Bank , imposing the same conditions for the same kind of projects . Africa needs debt ... Стр. 103 ... African Development Bank Group . If Africa is to move forward and overcome the present challenges , bilateral and multilateral funders must move from loans to grants . Loans create more debt in the midst of trying to address existing ... Стр. 104 ... Bank . We need grants to allow Africans to follow dreams of development and get a fair chance to succeed without ... African institutions is to work to effectively address the challenges that face Africa . Instead of more reforms ... Стр. 106 ... Africa , the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the World Bank decided to come to a meeting with African heads of state . Twelve presidents came to Bamako ( Mali ) for discussions from 18 to 21 February 2001 with Horst Köhler ... Стр. 107 ... Africa . African leaders must find solutions which will allow AIDS sufferers access to the medicines they need , quickly and at an affordable price , even if it means breaking these murderous agreements . Africa's civil wars and armed ... Стр. 108 ... Bank heads to Africa , and Tanzania in particular . In their press release , these visitors from the two major International Financial Institutions have declared their interest in listening to the voices of Africans when designing and ... Стр. 109 ... African countries , although it is an issue that clearly requires dialogue between Africans and the Bank , as the current debt relief arrangement is inadequate . As Tanzania has carefully followed the guidelines set down by the IMF and ... Читать эл. книгу Получить печатную версию этой книги▼ * On Demand Books * Amazon * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Найти в библиотеке * Все продавцы » U.S. POLICY TOWARDS THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE AFRICAN ..., ТОМ 4 Авторы: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade Подробнее о книге Моя библиотека Моя история Условия использования В этой книге: результат 94 из 100 по запросу "African Development Bank"- ‹ Предыдущая Следующая › - Показать все- Упорядочить: по соответствию | по страницампо соответствию | по страницамСбросить Загрузка... Загрузка... Загрузка... Загрузка... Загрузка... Загрузка... Загрузка... Загрузка...